From fc2120cca960cb64be3aa1020d385784b219a20c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: cosmonaut <evan@moonside.games>
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2023 19:50:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Storage Rewrite (#6)

- add Snapshot with Take and Restore methods
- remove World.Transfer
- components can now be accessed via `ref`
- clients should call World.Dispose when they are done with a World
- rewrite ECS storage to use fewer classes
- all ECS storage methods now exposed in World
- removed filter callbacks
- removed MessageWithEntity methods
- various data structure optimizations

Reviewed-on: https://gitea.moonside.games/MoonsideGames/MoonTools.ECS/pulls/6
---
 src/Collections/IndexableSet.cs          | 106 ++++
 src/Collections/NativeArray.cs           | 120 ++++
 src/Collections/NativeArrayUntyped.cs    | 121 ++++
 src/ComponentDepot.cs                    | 139 -----
 src/ComponentStorage.cs                  | 254 ++++-----
 src/DebugSystem.cs                       |  60 +-
 src/DynamicArray.cs                      |  69 ---
 src/Entity.cs                            |  50 +-
 src/EntityComponentReader.cs             | 153 ++----
 src/EntityStorage.cs                     | 142 -----
 src/Enumerators/ReverseSpanEnumerator.cs |  51 +-
 src/Filter.cs                            | 141 ++++-
 src/FilterBuilder.cs                     |  36 +-
 src/FilterSignature.cs                   |  92 ++--
 src/FilterStorage.cs                     | 273 ---------
 src/IdAssigner.cs                        |  62 +++
 src/IndexableSet.cs                      | 103 ----
 src/Manipulator.cs                       |  30 +-
 src/MessageDepot.cs                      |  68 ---
 src/MessageStorage.cs                    | 164 ++----
 src/Random.cs                            | 367 ++++++-------
 src/RandomManager.cs                     | 129 +++--
 src/RelationDepot.cs                     | 193 -------
 src/RelationStorage.cs                   | 498 ++++++++---------
 src/Renderer.cs                          |   9 +-
 src/Snapshot.cs                          | 384 +++++++++++++
 src/System.cs                            |  50 +-
 src/TypeId.cs                            |  11 +
 src/TypeIndices.cs                       |  33 --
 src/World.cs                             | 672 +++++++++++++++++------
 30 files changed, 2197 insertions(+), 2383 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/Collections/IndexableSet.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Collections/NativeArray.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Collections/NativeArrayUntyped.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/ComponentDepot.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/DynamicArray.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/EntityStorage.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/FilterStorage.cs
 create mode 100644 src/IdAssigner.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/IndexableSet.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/MessageDepot.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/RelationDepot.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Snapshot.cs
 create mode 100644 src/TypeId.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/TypeIndices.cs

diff --git a/src/Collections/IndexableSet.cs b/src/Collections/IndexableSet.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcf3fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Collections/IndexableSet.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
+
+public unsafe class IndexableSet<T> : IDisposable where T : unmanaged
+{
+	private Dictionary<T, int> Indices;
+	private T* Array;
+	public int Count { get; private set; }
+	private int Capacity;
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public Span<T> AsSpan() => new Span<T>(Array, Count);
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() => new ReverseSpanEnumerator<T>(new Span<T>(Array, Count));
+
+	public IndexableSet(int capacity = 32)
+	{
+		this.Capacity = capacity;
+		Count = 0;
+
+		Indices = new Dictionary<T, int>(capacity);
+		Array = (T*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
+	}
+
+	public T this[int i] => Array[i];
+
+	public bool Contains(T element)
+	{
+		return Indices.ContainsKey(element);
+	}
+
+	public bool Add(T element)
+	{
+		if (!Contains(element))
+		{
+			Indices.Add(element, Count);
+
+			if (Count >= Capacity)
+			{
+				Capacity *= 2;
+				Array = (T*) NativeMemory.Realloc(Array, (nuint) (Capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
+			}
+
+			Array[Count] = element;
+			Count += 1;
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public bool Remove(T element)
+	{
+		if (!Contains(element))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		var index = Indices[element];
+
+		for (var i = index; i < Count - 1; i += 1)
+		{
+			Array[i] = Array[i + 1];
+			Indices[Array[i]] = i;
+		}
+
+		Indices.Remove(element);
+		Count -= 1;
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public void Clear()
+	{
+		Indices.Clear();
+		Count = 0;
+	}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Free(Array);
+			Array = null;
+
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	~IndexableSet()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: false);
+	}
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Collections/NativeArray.cs b/src/Collections/NativeArray.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb897a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Collections/NativeArray.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
+
+public unsafe class NativeArray<T> : IDisposable where T : unmanaged
+{
+	private T* Elements;
+	public int Count { get; private set;}
+	private int Capacity;
+	private int ElementSize;
+
+	public Span<T> ToSpan() => new Span<T>(Elements, Count);
+	public Span<T>.Enumerator GetEnumerator() => new Span<T>(Elements, Count).GetEnumerator();
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public NativeArray(int capacity = 16)
+	{
+		this.Capacity = capacity;
+		ElementSize = Unsafe.SizeOf<T>();
+		Elements = (T*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * ElementSize));
+		Count = 0;
+	}
+
+	public ref T this[int i] => ref Elements[i];
+
+	public void Append(T item)
+	{
+		if (Count >= Capacity)
+		{
+			Capacity *= 2;
+			Elements = (T*) NativeMemory.Realloc(Elements, (nuint) (Capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
+		}
+
+		Elements[Count] = item;
+		Count += 1;
+	}
+
+	public void RemoveLastElement()
+	{
+		Count -= 1;
+	}
+
+	public bool TryPop(out T element)
+	{
+		if (Count > 0)
+		{
+			element = Elements[Count - 1];
+			Count -= 1;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		element = default;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public void Clear()
+	{
+		Count = 0;
+	}
+
+	private void ResizeTo(int size)
+	{
+		Capacity = size;
+		Elements = (T*) NativeMemory.Realloc((void*) Elements, (nuint) (ElementSize * Capacity));
+	}
+
+	// Fills gap by copying final element to the deleted index
+	public void Delete(int index)
+	{
+		if (index != Count - 1)
+		{
+			this[index] = this[Count - 1];
+		}
+
+		Count -= 1;
+	}
+
+	public void CopyTo(NativeArray<T> other)
+	{
+		if (Count >= other.Capacity)
+		{
+			other.ResizeTo(Count);
+		}
+
+		NativeMemory.Copy(
+			(void*) Elements,
+			(void*) other.Elements,
+			(nuint) (ElementSize * Count)
+		);
+
+		other.Count = Count;
+	}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Free(Elements);
+			Elements = null;
+
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	~NativeArray()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: false);
+	}
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Collections/NativeArrayUntyped.cs b/src/Collections/NativeArrayUntyped.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..070effd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Collections/NativeArrayUntyped.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
+
+internal unsafe class NativeArray : IDisposable
+{
+	private nint Elements;
+	public int Count { get; private set;}
+	private int Capacity;
+	public readonly int ElementSize;
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public NativeArray(int elementSize)
+	{
+		Capacity = 16;
+		Count = 0;
+		ElementSize = elementSize;
+
+		Elements = (nint) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (ElementSize * Capacity));
+	}
+
+	public Span<T> ToSpan<T>()
+	{
+		return new Span<T>((void*) Elements, Count);
+	}
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	public ref T Get<T>(int i) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		return ref ((T*) Elements)[i];
+	}
+
+	public void Set<T>(int i, in T element) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		Unsafe.Write((void*) (Elements + ElementSize * i), element);
+	}
+
+	private void Resize()
+	{
+		Capacity *= 2;
+		Elements = (nint) NativeMemory.Realloc((void*) Elements, (nuint) (ElementSize * Capacity));
+	}
+
+	private void ResizeTo(int capacity)
+	{
+		Capacity = capacity;
+		Elements = (nint) NativeMemory.Realloc((void*) Elements, (nuint) (ElementSize * Capacity));
+	}
+
+	// Fills gap by copying final element to the deleted index
+	public void Delete(int index)
+	{
+		if (index != Count - 1)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Copy(
+				(void*) (Elements + ((Count - 1) * ElementSize)),
+				(void*) (Elements + (index * ElementSize)),
+				(nuint) ElementSize
+			);
+		}
+
+		Count -= 1;
+	}
+
+	public void Append<T>(T component) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		if (Count >= Capacity)
+		{
+			Resize();
+		}
+
+		((T*) Elements)[Count] = component;
+		Count += 1;
+	}
+
+	public void CopyAllTo(NativeArray other)
+	{
+		if (Count >= other.Capacity)
+		{
+			other.ResizeTo(Count);
+		}
+
+		NativeMemory.Copy(
+			(void*) Elements,
+			(void*) other.Elements,
+			(nuint) (ElementSize * Count)
+		);
+
+		other.Count = Count;
+	}
+
+	public void Clear()
+	{
+		Count = 0;
+	}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Free((void*) Elements);
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	~NativeArray()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: false);
+	}
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/ComponentDepot.cs b/src/ComponentDepot.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index cdd4d5f..0000000
--- a/src/ComponentDepot.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	internal class ComponentDepot
-	{
-		private TypeIndices ComponentTypeIndices;
-
-		private ComponentStorage[] storages = new ComponentStorage[256];
-
-		public ComponentDepot(TypeIndices componentTypeIndices)
-		{
-			ComponentTypeIndices = componentTypeIndices;
-		}
-
-		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-		internal void Register<TComponent>(int index) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			if (index >= storages.Length)
-			{
-				Array.Resize(ref storages, storages.Length * 2);
-			}
-
-			storages[index] = new ComponentStorage<TComponent>();
-		}
-
-		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-		private ComponentStorage<TComponent> Lookup<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			var storageIndex = ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex<TComponent>();
-			// TODO: is there some way to avoid this null check?
-			if (storageIndex >= storages.Length || storages[storageIndex] == null)
-			{
-				Register<TComponent>(storageIndex);
-			}
-			return (ComponentStorage<TComponent>) storages[storageIndex];
-		}
-
-		public bool Some<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TComponent>().Any();
-		}
-
-		public ref readonly TComponent Get<TComponent>(int entityID) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ref Lookup<TComponent>().Get(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public ref readonly TComponent GetFirst<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ref Lookup<TComponent>().GetFirst();
-		}
-
-		public void Set<TComponent>(int entityID, in TComponent component) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			Lookup<TComponent>().Set(entityID, component);
-		}
-
-		public Entity GetSingletonEntity<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TComponent>().FirstEntity();
-		}
-
-		public ReadOnlySpan<TComponent> ReadComponents<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TComponent>().AllComponents();
-		}
-
-		public void Remove(int entityID, int storageIndex)
-		{
-			storages[storageIndex].Remove(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public void Remove<TComponent>(int entityID) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			Lookup<TComponent>().Remove(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			for (var i = 0; i < storages.Length; i += 1)
-			{
-				if (storages[i] != null)
-				{
-					storages[i].Clear();
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// these methods used to implement transfers and debugging
-
-		internal unsafe void* UntypedGet(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			return storages[componentTypeIndex].UntypedGet(entityID);
-		}
-
-		internal unsafe void Set(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex, void* component)
-		{
-			storages[componentTypeIndex].Set(entityID, component);
-		}
-
-		public void CreateMissingStorages(ComponentDepot other)
-		{
-			while (other.ComponentTypeIndices.Count >= storages.Length)
-			{
-				Array.Resize(ref storages, storages.Length * 2);
-			}
-
-			while (other.ComponentTypeIndices.Count >= other.storages.Length)
-			{
-				Array.Resize(ref other.storages, other.storages.Length * 2);
-			}
-
-			for (var i = 0; i < other.ComponentTypeIndices.Count; i += 1)
-			{
-				if (storages[i] == null && other.storages[i] != null)
-				{
-					storages[i] = other.storages[i].CreateStorage();
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// this method is used to iterate components of an entity, only for use with a debug inspector
-
-#if DEBUG
-		public object Debug_Get(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			return storages[componentTypeIndex].Debug_Get(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public IEnumerable<int> Debug_GetEntityIDs(int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			return storages[componentTypeIndex].Debug_GetEntityIDs();
-		}
-#endif
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/ComponentStorage.cs b/src/ComponentStorage.cs
index bc71ef7..f53a8a0 100644
--- a/src/ComponentStorage.cs
+++ b/src/ComponentStorage.cs
@@ -1,182 +1,140 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+internal class ComponentStorage : IDisposable
 {
-	internal abstract class ComponentStorage
-	{
-		internal abstract unsafe void Set(int entityID, void* component);
-		public abstract bool Remove(int entityID);
-		public abstract void Clear();
+	internal readonly Dictionary<Entity, int> EntityIDToStorageIndex = new Dictionary<Entity, int>(16);
+	internal readonly NativeArray Components;
+	internal readonly NativeArray<Entity> EntityIDs;
+	internal readonly TypeId TypeId;
 
-		// used for debugging and template instantiation
-		internal abstract unsafe void* UntypedGet(int entityID);
-		// used to create correctly typed storage on snapshot
-		public abstract ComponentStorage CreateStorage();
-#if DEBUG
-		internal abstract object Debug_Get(int entityID);
-		internal abstract IEnumerable<int> Debug_GetEntityIDs();
-#endif
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public ComponentStorage(TypeId typeId, int elementSize)
+	{
+		Components = new NativeArray(elementSize);
+		EntityIDs = new NativeArray<Entity>();
+		TypeId = typeId;
 	}
 
-	internal unsafe class ComponentStorage<TComponent> : ComponentStorage, IDisposable where TComponent : unmanaged
+	public bool Any()
 	{
-		private readonly Dictionary<int, int> entityIDToStorageIndex = new Dictionary<int, int>(16);
-		private TComponent* components;
-		private int* entityIDs;
-		private int count = 0;
-		private int capacity = 16;
-		private bool disposed;
+		return Components.Count > 0;
+	}
 
-		public ComponentStorage()
-		{
-			components = (TComponent*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<TComponent>()));
-			entityIDs = (int*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<int>()));
-		}
+	public bool Has(Entity entity)
+	{
+		return EntityIDToStorageIndex.ContainsKey(entity);
+	}
 
-		public bool Any()
-		{
-			return count > 0;
-		}
+	public ref T Get<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		return ref Components.Get<T>(EntityIDToStorageIndex[entity]);
+	}
 
-		public ref readonly TComponent Get(int entityID)
-		{
-			return ref components[entityIDToStorageIndex[entityID]];
-		}
-
-		internal override unsafe void* UntypedGet(int entityID)
-		{
-			return &components[entityIDToStorageIndex[entityID]];
-		}
-
-		public ref readonly TComponent GetFirst()
-		{
+	public ref T GetFirst<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
 #if DEBUG
-			if (count == 0)
-			{
-				throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Component storage is empty!");
-			}
+		if (Components.Count == 0)
+		{
+			throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Component storage is empty!");
+		}
 #endif
-			return ref components[0];
-		}
+		return ref Components.Get<T>(0);
+	}
 
-		public void Set(int entityID, in TComponent component)
+	// Returns true if the entity had this component.
+	public bool Set<T>(in Entity entity, in T component) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		if (EntityIDToStorageIndex.TryGetValue(entity, out var index))
 		{
-			if (!entityIDToStorageIndex.ContainsKey(entityID))
-			{
-				var index = count;
-				count += 1;
-
-				if (index >= capacity)
-				{
-					capacity *= 2;
-					components = (TComponent*) NativeMemory.Realloc(components, (nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<TComponent>()));
-					entityIDs = (int*) NativeMemory.Realloc(entityIDs, (nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<int>()));
-				}
-
-				entityIDToStorageIndex[entityID] = index;
-				entityIDs[index] = entityID;
-			}
-
-			components[entityIDToStorageIndex[entityID]] = component;
+			Components.Set(index, component);
+			return true;
 		}
-
-		internal override unsafe void Set(int entityID, void* component)
+		else
 		{
-			Set(entityID, *(TComponent*) component);
-		}
-
-		// Returns true if the entity had this component.
-		public override bool Remove(int entityID)
-		{
-			if (entityIDToStorageIndex.TryGetValue(entityID, out int storageIndex))
-			{
-				entityIDToStorageIndex.Remove(entityID);
-
-				var lastElementIndex = count - 1;
-
-				// move a component into the hole to maintain contiguous memory
-				if (lastElementIndex != storageIndex)
-				{
-					var lastEntityID = entityIDs[lastElementIndex];
-					entityIDToStorageIndex[lastEntityID] = storageIndex;
-					components[storageIndex] = components[lastElementIndex];
-					entityIDs[storageIndex] = lastEntityID;
-				}
-
-				count -= 1;
-
-				return true;
-			}
-
+			EntityIDToStorageIndex[entity] = Components.Count;
+			EntityIDs.Append(entity);
+			Components.Append(component);
 			return false;
 		}
+	}
 
-		public override void Clear()
+	// Returns true if the entity had this component.
+	public bool Remove(in Entity entity)
+	{
+		if (EntityIDToStorageIndex.TryGetValue(entity, out int index))
 		{
-			count = 0;
-			entityIDToStorageIndex.Clear();
-		}
+			var lastElementIndex = Components.Count - 1;
 
-		public ReadOnlySpan<TComponent> AllComponents()
-		{
-			return new ReadOnlySpan<TComponent>(components, count);
-		}
+			var lastEntity = EntityIDs[lastElementIndex];
 
-		public Entity FirstEntity()
-		{
-#if DEBUG
-			if (count == 0)
+			// move a component into the hole to maintain contiguous memory
+			Components.Delete(index);
+			EntityIDs.Delete(index);
+			EntityIDToStorageIndex.Remove(entity);
+
+			// update the index if it changed
+			if (lastElementIndex != index)
 			{
-				throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Component storage is empty!");
+				EntityIDToStorageIndex[lastEntity] = index;
 			}
-#endif
-			return new Entity(entityIDs[0]);
+
+			return true;
 		}
 
-		public override ComponentStorage<TComponent> CreateStorage()
-		{
-			return new ComponentStorage<TComponent>();
-		}
+		return false;
+	}
 
+	public void Clear()
+	{
+		Components.Clear();
+		EntityIDs.Clear();
+		EntityIDToStorageIndex.Clear();
+	}
+
+	public Entity FirstEntity()
+	{
 #if DEBUG
-		internal override object Debug_Get(int entityID)
+		if (EntityIDs.Count == 0)
 		{
-			return components[entityIDToStorageIndex[entityID]];
-		}
-
-		internal override IEnumerable<int> Debug_GetEntityIDs()
-		{
-			return entityIDToStorageIndex.Keys;
-		}
-
-		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
-		{
-			if (!disposed)
-			{
-				NativeMemory.Free(components);
-				NativeMemory.Free(entityIDs);
-				components = null;
-				entityIDs = null;
-
-				disposed = true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		~ComponentStorage()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: false);
-		}
-
-		public void Dispose()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: true);
-			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+			throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Component storage is empty!");
 		}
 #endif
+		return EntityIDs[0];
+	}
+
+#if DEBUG
+	internal IEnumerable<Entity> Debug_GetEntities()
+	{
+		return EntityIDToStorageIndex.Keys;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			Components.Dispose();
+			EntityIDs.Dispose();
+
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ~ComponentStorage()
+	// {
+	// 	// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+	// 	Dispose(disposing: false);
+	// }
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/DebugSystem.cs b/src/DebugSystem.cs
index fcffd9e..240614a 100644
--- a/src/DebugSystem.cs
+++ b/src/DebugSystem.cs
@@ -1,63 +1,17 @@
 // NOTE: these methods are very inefficient
 // this class should only be used in debugging contexts!!
-
 #if DEBUG
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public abstract class DebugSystem : System
 {
-	public abstract class DebugSystem : System
-	{
-		protected DebugSystem(World world) : base(world)
-		{
-		}
+	protected DebugSystem(World world) : base(world) { }
 
-		protected ComponentEnumerator Debug_GetAllComponents(Entity entity)
-		{
-			return new ComponentEnumerator(ComponentDepot, entity, EntityStorage.ComponentTypeIndices(entity.ID));
-		}
-
-		protected IEnumerable<Entity> Debug_GetEntities(Type componentType)
-		{
-			foreach (var entityID in ComponentDepot.Debug_GetEntityIDs(ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex(componentType)))
-			{
-				yield return new Entity(entityID);
-			}
-		}
-
-		protected IEnumerable<Type> Debug_SearchComponentType(string typeString)
-		{
-			foreach (var type in ComponentTypeIndices.Types)
-			{
-				if (type.ToString().ToLower().Contains(typeString.ToLower()))
-				{
-					yield return type;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		public ref struct ComponentEnumerator
-		{
-			private ComponentDepot ComponentDepot;
-			private Entity Entity;
-			private ReverseSpanEnumerator<int> ComponentTypeIndices;
-
-			public ComponentEnumerator GetEnumerator() => this;
-
-			internal ComponentEnumerator(
-				ComponentDepot componentDepot,
-				Entity entity,
-				Collections.IndexableSet<int> componentTypeIndices
-			) {
-				ComponentDepot = componentDepot;
-				Entity = entity;
-				ComponentTypeIndices = componentTypeIndices.GetEnumerator();
-			}
-
-			public bool MoveNext() => ComponentTypeIndices.MoveNext();
-			public object Current => ComponentDepot.Debug_Get(Entity.ID, ComponentTypeIndices.Current);
-		}
-	}
+	protected World.ComponentTypeEnumerator Debug_GetAllComponentTypes(Entity entity) => World.Debug_GetAllComponentTypes(entity);
+	protected IEnumerable<Entity> Debug_GetEntities(Type componentType) => World.Debug_GetEntities(componentType);
+	protected IEnumerable<Type> Debug_SearchComponentType(string typeString) => World.Debug_SearchComponentType(typeString);
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/DynamicArray.cs b/src/DynamicArray.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 08400fc..0000000
--- a/src/DynamicArray.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS.Collections
-{
-	public unsafe class NativeArray<T> : IDisposable where T : unmanaged
-	{
-		private T* Array;
-		private int count;
-		private int capacity;
-
-		public int Count => count;
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() => new ReverseSpanEnumerator<T>(new Span<T>(Array, Count));
-
-		private bool disposed;
-
-		public NativeArray(int capacity = 16)
-		{
-			this.capacity = capacity;
-			Array = (T*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
-			count = 0;
-		}
-
-		public ref T this[int i] => ref Array[i];
-
-		public void Add(T item)
-		{
-			if (count >= capacity)
-			{
-				capacity *= 2;
-				Array = (T*) NativeMemory.Realloc(Array, (nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
-			}
-
-			Array[count] = item;
-			count += 1;
-		}
-
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			count = 0;
-		}
-
-		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
-		{
-			if (!disposed)
-			{
-				NativeMemory.Free(Array);
-				Array = null;
-
-				disposed = true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		~NativeArray()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: false);
-		}
-
-		public void Dispose()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: true);
-			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/Entity.cs b/src/Entity.cs
index e91da6e..02ad024 100644
--- a/src/Entity.cs
+++ b/src/Entity.cs
@@ -1,49 +1,3 @@
-using System;
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	public struct Entity : IEquatable<Entity>
-	{
-		public int ID { get; }
-
-		internal Entity(int id)
-		{
-			ID = id;
-		}
-
-		public override bool Equals(object? obj)
-		{
-			return obj is Entity entity && Equals(entity);
-		}
-
-		public override int GetHashCode()
-		{
-			return HashCode.Combine(ID);
-		}
-
-		public bool Equals(Entity other)
-		{
-			return ID == other.ID;
-		}
-
-		public static bool operator ==(Entity a, Entity b)
-		{
-			return a.Equals(b);
-		}
-
-		public static bool operator !=(Entity a, Entity b)
-		{
-			return !a.Equals(b);
-		}
-
-		public static implicit operator int(Entity e)
-		{
-			return e.ID;
-		}
-
-		public static implicit operator Entity(int i)
-		{
-			return new Entity(i);
-		}
-	}
-}
+public readonly record struct Entity(uint ID);
diff --git a/src/EntityComponentReader.cs b/src/EntityComponentReader.cs
index 88e34a6..0012c8f 100644
--- a/src/EntityComponentReader.cs
+++ b/src/EntityComponentReader.cs
@@ -1,127 +1,36 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+public abstract class EntityComponentReader
 {
-	public abstract class EntityComponentReader
+	protected readonly World World;
+	public FilterBuilder FilterBuilder => World.FilterBuilder;
+
+	protected EntityComponentReader(World world)
 	{
-		internal readonly World World;
-		internal EntityStorage EntityStorage => World.EntityStorage;
-		internal ComponentDepot ComponentDepot => World.ComponentDepot;
-		internal RelationDepot RelationDepot => World.RelationDepot;
-		protected FilterBuilder FilterBuilder => new FilterBuilder(FilterStorage, ComponentTypeIndices);
-		internal FilterStorage FilterStorage => World.FilterStorage;
-		internal TypeIndices ComponentTypeIndices => World.ComponentTypeIndices;
-		internal TypeIndices RelationTypeIndices => World.RelationTypeIndices;
-
-		public EntityComponentReader(World world)
-		{
-			World = world;
-		}
-
-		protected string GetTag(in Entity entity)
-		{
-			return World.GetTag(entity);
-		}
-
-		protected ReadOnlySpan<TComponent> ReadComponents<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ComponentDepot.ReadComponents<TComponent>();
-		}
-
-		protected bool Has<TComponent>(in Entity entity) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			var storageIndex = ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex<TComponent>();
-			return EntityStorage.HasComponent(entity.ID, storageIndex);
-		}
-
-		protected bool Some<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ComponentDepot.Some<TComponent>();
-		}
-
-		protected ref readonly TComponent Get<TComponent>(in Entity entity) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ref ComponentDepot.Get<TComponent>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected ref readonly TComponent GetSingleton<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ref ComponentDepot.GetFirst<TComponent>();
-		}
-
-		protected Entity GetSingletonEntity<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ComponentDepot.GetSingletonEntity<TComponent>();
-		}
-
-		protected ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)> Relations<TRelationKind>() where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.Relations<TRelationKind>();
-		}
-
-		protected bool Related<TRelationKind>(in Entity a, in Entity b) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.Related<TRelationKind>(a.ID, b.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected TRelationKind GetRelationData<TRelationKind>(in Entity a, in Entity b) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.Get<TRelationKind>(a, b);
-		}
-
-		// relations go A->B, so given A, will give all entities in outgoing relations of this kind.
-		protected ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> OutRelations<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.OutRelations<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected Entity OutRelationSingleton<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.OutRelationSingleton<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		// NOTE: this WILL crash if at least n + 1 relations do not exist!
-		protected Entity NthOutRelation<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity, int n) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.NthOutRelation<TRelationKind>(entity.ID, n);
-		}
-
-		protected bool HasOutRelation<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.HasOutRelation<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected int OutRelationCount<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.OutRelationCount<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		// Relations go A->B, so given B, will give all entities in incoming A relations of this kind.
-		protected ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> InRelations<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.InRelations<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected Entity InRelationSingleton<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.InRelationSingleton<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		// NOTE: this WILL crash if at least n + 1 relations do not exist!
-		protected Entity NthInRelation<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity, int n) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.NthInRelation<TRelationKind>(entity.ID, n);
-		}
-
-		protected bool HasInRelation<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.HasInRelation<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected int InRelationCount<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return RelationDepot.InRelationCount<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-		}
+		World = world;
 	}
+
+	protected string GetTag(in Entity entity) => World.GetTag(entity);
+
+	protected bool Has<T>(in Entity Entity) where T : unmanaged => World.Has<T>(Entity);
+	protected bool Some<T>() where T : unmanaged => World.Some<T>();
+	protected ref T Get<T>(in Entity Entity) where T : unmanaged => ref World.Get<T>(Entity);
+	protected ref T GetSingleton<T>() where T : unmanaged => ref World.GetSingleton<T>();
+	protected Entity GetSingletonEntity<T>() where T : unmanaged => World.GetSingletonEntity<T>();
+
+	protected ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)> Relations<T>() where T : unmanaged => World.Relations<T>();
+	protected bool Related<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where T : unmanaged => World.Related<T>(entityA, entityB);
+	protected T GetRelationData<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where T : unmanaged => World.GetRelationData<T>(entityA, entityB);
+
+	protected ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> OutRelations<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.OutRelations<T>(entity);
+	protected Entity OutRelationSingleton<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.OutRelationSingleton<T>(entity);
+	protected bool HasOutRelation<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.HasOutRelation<T>(entity);
+	protected int OutRelationCount<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.OutRelationCount<T>(entity);
+	protected Entity NthOutRelation<T>(in Entity entity, int n) where T : unmanaged => World.NthOutRelation<T>(entity, n);
+
+	protected ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> InRelations<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.InRelations<T>(entity);
+	protected Entity InRelationSingleton<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.InRelationSingleton<T>(entity);
+	protected bool HasInRelation<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.HasInRelation<T>(entity);
+	protected int InRelationCount<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged => World.InRelationCount<T>(entity);
+	protected Entity NthInRelation<T>(in Entity entity, int n) where T : unmanaged => World.NthInRelation<T>(entity, n);
 }
diff --git a/src/EntityStorage.cs b/src/EntityStorage.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ff05de..0000000
--- a/src/EntityStorage.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	internal class EntityStorage
-	{
-		private int nextID = 0;
-		// FIXME: why is this duplicated?
-		private readonly Stack<int> availableIDs = new Stack<int>();
-		// FIXME: this is only needed in debug mode
-		private readonly HashSet<int> availableIDHash = new HashSet<int>();
-
-		private Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<int>> EntityToComponentTypeIndices = new Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<int>>();
-		private Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<int>> EntityToRelationTypeIndices = new Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<int>>();
-
-		public int Count => nextID - availableIDs.Count;
-
-		public Dictionary<int, string> Tags = new Dictionary<int, string>();
-
-		public Entity Create(string tag)
-		{
-			var entity = new Entity(NextID());
-
-			if (!EntityToComponentTypeIndices.ContainsKey(entity.ID))
-			{
-				EntityToComponentTypeIndices.Add(entity.ID, new IndexableSet<int>());
-			}
-
-			if (!EntityToRelationTypeIndices.ContainsKey(entity.ID))
-			{
-				EntityToRelationTypeIndices.Add(entity.ID, new IndexableSet<int>());
-			}
-
-			Tags[entity.ID] = tag;
-
-			return entity;
-		}
-
-		public bool Exists(in Entity entity)
-		{
-			return Taken(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		public void Tag(in Entity entity, string tag)
-		{
-			Tags[entity.ID] = tag;
-		}
-
-		public void Destroy(in Entity entity)
-		{
-			EntityToComponentTypeIndices[entity.ID].Clear();
-			EntityToRelationTypeIndices[entity.ID].Clear();
-			Tags.Remove(entity.ID);
-			Release(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		// Returns true if the component is new.
-		public bool SetComponent(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			return EntityToComponentTypeIndices[entityID].Add(componentTypeIndex);
-		}
-
-		public bool HasComponent(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			return EntityToComponentTypeIndices[entityID].Contains(componentTypeIndex);
-		}
-
-		// Returns true if the component existed.
-		public bool RemoveComponent(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			return EntityToComponentTypeIndices[entityID].Remove(componentTypeIndex);
-		}
-
-		public void AddRelationKind(int entityID, int relationIndex)
-		{
-			EntityToRelationTypeIndices[entityID].Add(relationIndex);
-		}
-
-		public void RemoveRelation(int entityId, int relationIndex)
-		{
-			EntityToRelationTypeIndices[entityId].Remove(relationIndex);
-		}
-
-		public string Tag(int entityID)
-		{
-			return Tags[entityID];
-		}
-
-		public IndexableSet<int> ComponentTypeIndices(int entityID)
-		{
-			return EntityToComponentTypeIndices[entityID];
-		}
-
-		public IndexableSet<int> RelationTypeIndices(int entityID)
-		{
-			return EntityToRelationTypeIndices[entityID];
-		}
-
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			nextID = 0;
-			foreach (var componentSet in EntityToComponentTypeIndices.Values)
-			{
-				componentSet.Clear();
-			}
-			foreach (var relationSet in EntityToRelationTypeIndices.Values)
-			{
-				relationSet.Clear();
-			}
-			availableIDs.Clear();
-			availableIDHash.Clear();
-		}
-
-		private int NextID()
-		{
-			if (availableIDs.Count > 0)
-			{
-				var id = availableIDs.Pop();
-				availableIDHash.Remove(id);
-				return id;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				var id = nextID;
-				nextID += 1;
-				return id;
-			}
-		}
-
-		private bool Taken(int id)
-		{
-			return !availableIDHash.Contains(id) && id < nextID;
-		}
-
-		private void Release(int id)
-		{
-			availableIDs.Push(id);
-			availableIDHash.Add(id);
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/Enumerators/ReverseSpanEnumerator.cs b/src/Enumerators/ReverseSpanEnumerator.cs
index ce526a5..84563a9 100644
--- a/src/Enumerators/ReverseSpanEnumerator.cs
+++ b/src/Enumerators/ReverseSpanEnumerator.cs
@@ -1,36 +1,35 @@
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public ref struct ReverseSpanEnumerator<T>
 {
-	public ref struct ReverseSpanEnumerator<T>
+	private ReadOnlySpan<T> Span;
+	private int Index;
+
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() => this;
+
+	public T Current => Span[Index];
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	public bool MoveNext()
 	{
-		private ReadOnlySpan<T> Span;
-		private int index;
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() => this;
-
-		public T Current => Span[index];
-
-		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-		public bool MoveNext()
+		if (Index > 0)
 		{
-			if (index > 0)
-			{
-				index -= 1;
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			return false;
+			Index -= 1;
+			return true;
 		}
 
-		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator(Span<T> span)
-		{
-			Span = span;
-			index = span.Length;
-		}
-
-		public static ReverseSpanEnumerator<T> Empty => new ReverseSpanEnumerator<T>();
+		return false;
 	}
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator(Span<T> span)
+	{
+		Span = span;
+		Index = span.Length;
+	}
+
+	public static ReverseSpanEnumerator<T> Empty => new ReverseSpanEnumerator<T>();
 }
diff --git a/src/Filter.cs b/src/Filter.cs
index 94f5ee9..2fd2f19 100644
--- a/src/Filter.cs
+++ b/src/Filter.cs
@@ -1,38 +1,123 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public class Filter
 {
-	public class Filter
+	private World World;
+	internal FilterSignature Signature;
+
+	internal IndexableSet<Entity> EntitySet = new IndexableSet<Entity>();
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> Entities => EntitySet.GetEnumerator();
+
+	public bool Empty => EntitySet.Count == 0;
+	public int Count => EntitySet.Count;
+
+	// WARNING: this WILL crash if the index is out of range!
+	public Entity NthEntity(int index) => EntitySet[index];
+
+	// WARNING: this WILL crash if the filter is empty!
+	public Entity RandomEntity => EntitySet[RandomManager.Next(EntitySet.Count)];
+	public RandomEntityEnumerator EntitiesInRandomOrder => new RandomEntityEnumerator(this);
+
+	internal Filter(World world, FilterSignature signature)
 	{
-		internal FilterSignature Signature;
-		private FilterStorage FilterStorage;
+		World = world;
+		Signature = signature;
+	}
 
-		internal Filter(FilterStorage filterStorage, IndexableSet<int> included, IndexableSet<int> excluded)
+	public void DestroyAllEntities()
+	{
+		foreach (var entity in EntitySet)
 		{
-			FilterStorage = filterStorage;
-			Signature = new FilterSignature(included, excluded);
-		}
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> Entities => FilterStorage.FilterEntities(Signature);
-		public RandomEntityEnumerator EntitiesInRandomOrder => FilterStorage.FilterEntitiesRandom(Signature);
-		public Entity RandomEntity => FilterStorage.FilterRandomEntity(Signature);
-
-		public int Count => FilterStorage.FilterCount(Signature);
-		public bool Empty => Count == 0;
-
-		// WARNING: this WILL crash if the index is out of range!
-		public Entity NthEntity(int index) => FilterStorage.FilterNthEntity(Signature, index);
-
-		public void RegisterAddCallback(Action<Entity> callback)
-		{
-			FilterStorage.RegisterAddCallback(Signature, callback);
-		}
-
-		public void RegisterRemoveCallback(Action<Entity> callback)
-		{
-			FilterStorage.RegisterRemoveCallback(Signature, callback);
+			World.Destroy(entity);
 		}
 	}
+
+	internal void Check(Entity entity)
+	{
+		foreach (var type in Signature.Included)
+		{
+			if (!World.Has(entity, type))
+			{
+				EntitySet.Remove(entity);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		foreach (var type in Signature.Excluded)
+		{
+			if (World.Has(entity, type))
+			{
+				EntitySet.Remove(entity);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		EntitySet.Add(entity);
+	}
+
+	internal void AddEntity(in Entity entity)
+	{
+		EntitySet.Add(entity);
+	}
+
+	internal void RemoveEntity(in Entity entity)
+	{
+		EntitySet.Remove(entity);
+	}
+
+	internal void Clear()
+	{
+		EntitySet.Clear();
+	}
+
+	public ref struct RandomEntityEnumerator
+	{
+		private Filter Filter;
+		private LinearCongruentialEnumerator LinearCongruentialEnumerator;
+
+		public RandomEntityEnumerator GetEnumerator() => this;
+
+		internal RandomEntityEnumerator(Filter filter)
+		{
+			Filter = filter;
+			LinearCongruentialEnumerator =
+				RandomManager.LinearCongruentialSequence(filter.Count);
+		}
+
+		public bool MoveNext() => LinearCongruentialEnumerator.MoveNext();
+		public Entity Current => Filter.NthEntity(LinearCongruentialEnumerator.Current);
+	}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			if (disposing)
+			{
+				EntitySet.Dispose();
+			}
+
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// // TODO: override finalizer only if 'Dispose(bool disposing)' has code to free unmanaged resources
+	// ~Filter()
+	// {
+	//     // Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+	//     Dispose(disposing: false);
+	// }
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/FilterBuilder.cs b/src/FilterBuilder.cs
index 8a8a6d1..3e3ef6d 100644
--- a/src/FilterBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/FilterBuilder.cs
@@ -4,42 +4,40 @@ namespace MoonTools.ECS
 {
 	public struct FilterBuilder
 	{
-		private TypeIndices ComponentTypeIndices;
-		private FilterStorage FilterStorage;
-		private IndexableSet<int> Included;
-		private IndexableSet<int> Excluded;
+		World World;
+		IndexableSet<TypeId> Included;
+		IndexableSet<TypeId> Excluded;
 
-		internal FilterBuilder(FilterStorage filterStorage, TypeIndices componentTypeIndices)
+		internal FilterBuilder(World world)
 		{
-			FilterStorage = filterStorage;
-			ComponentTypeIndices = componentTypeIndices;
-			Included = new IndexableSet<int>();
-			Excluded = new IndexableSet<int>();
+			World = world;
+			Included = new IndexableSet<TypeId>();
+			Excluded = new IndexableSet<TypeId>();
 		}
 
-		private FilterBuilder(FilterStorage filterStorage, TypeIndices componentTypeIndices, IndexableSet<int> included, IndexableSet<int> excluded)
+		private FilterBuilder(World world, IndexableSet<TypeId> included, IndexableSet<TypeId> excluded)
 		{
-			FilterStorage = filterStorage;
-			ComponentTypeIndices = componentTypeIndices;
+			World = world;
 			Included = included;
 			Excluded = excluded;
 		}
 
-		public FilterBuilder Include<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
+		public FilterBuilder Include<T>() where T : unmanaged
 		{
-			Included.Add(ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex<TComponent>());
-			return new FilterBuilder(FilterStorage, ComponentTypeIndices, Included, Excluded);
+			Included.Add(World.GetComponentTypeId<T>());
+			return new FilterBuilder(World, Included, Excluded);
 		}
 
-		public FilterBuilder Exclude<TComponent>() where TComponent : unmanaged
+		public FilterBuilder Exclude<T>() where T : unmanaged
 		{
-			Excluded.Add(ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex<TComponent>());
-			return new FilterBuilder(FilterStorage, ComponentTypeIndices, Included, Excluded);
+			Excluded.Add(World.GetComponentTypeId<T>());
+			return new FilterBuilder(World, Included, Excluded);
 		}
 
 		public Filter Build()
 		{
-			return FilterStorage.CreateFilter(Included, Excluded);
+			var signature = new FilterSignature(Included, Excluded);
+			return World.GetFilter(signature);
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/FilterSignature.cs b/src/FilterSignature.cs
index 7e94922..8a27433 100644
--- a/src/FilterSignature.cs
+++ b/src/FilterSignature.cs
@@ -1,71 +1,69 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public struct FilterSignature : IEquatable<FilterSignature>
 {
-	public struct FilterSignature : IEquatable<FilterSignature>
+	public readonly IndexableSet<TypeId> Included;
+	public readonly IndexableSet<TypeId> Excluded;
+
+	public FilterSignature(IndexableSet<TypeId> included, IndexableSet<TypeId> excluded)
 	{
-		public readonly IndexableSet<int> Included;
-		public readonly IndexableSet<int> Excluded;
+		Included = included;
+		Excluded = excluded;
+	}
 
-		public FilterSignature(IndexableSet<int> included, IndexableSet<int> excluded)
-		{
-			Included = included;
-			Excluded = excluded;
-		}
+	public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+	{
+		return obj is FilterSignature signature && Equals(signature);
+	}
 
-		public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+	public bool Equals(FilterSignature other)
+	{
+		foreach (var included in Included)
 		{
-			return obj is FilterSignature signature && Equals(signature);
-		}
-
-		public bool Equals(FilterSignature other)
-		{
-			foreach (var included in Included)
+			if (!other.Included.Contains(included))
 			{
-				if (!other.Included.Contains(included))
-				{
-					return false;
-				}
+				return false;
 			}
-
-			foreach (var excluded in Excluded)
-			{
-				if (!other.Excluded.Contains(excluded))
-				{
-					return false;
-				}
-			}
-
-			return true;
 		}
 
-		public override int GetHashCode()
+		foreach (var excluded in Excluded)
 		{
-			var hashcode = 1;
-
-			foreach (var type in Included)
+			if (!other.Excluded.Contains(excluded))
 			{
-				hashcode = HashCode.Combine(hashcode, type);
+				return false;
 			}
-
-			foreach (var type in Excluded)
-			{
-				hashcode = HashCode.Combine(hashcode, type);
-			}
-
-			return hashcode;
 		}
 
-		public static bool operator ==(FilterSignature left, FilterSignature right)
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		var hashcode = 1;
+
+		foreach (var type in Included)
 		{
-			return left.Equals(right);
+			hashcode = HashCode.Combine(hashcode, type);
 		}
 
-		public static bool operator !=(FilterSignature left, FilterSignature right)
+		foreach (var type in Excluded)
 		{
-			return !(left == right);
+			hashcode = HashCode.Combine(hashcode, type);
 		}
+
+		return hashcode;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(FilterSignature left, FilterSignature right)
+	{
+		return left.Equals(right);
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(FilterSignature left, FilterSignature right)
+	{
+		return !(left == right);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/FilterStorage.cs b/src/FilterStorage.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7eb11f9..0000000
--- a/src/FilterStorage.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	internal class FilterStorage
-	{
-		private EntityStorage EntityStorage;
-		private TypeIndices ComponentTypeIndices;
-		private Dictionary<FilterSignature, IndexableSet<Entity>> filterSignatureToEntityIDs = new Dictionary<FilterSignature, IndexableSet<Entity>>();
-		private Dictionary<int, List<FilterSignature>> typeToFilterSignatures = new Dictionary<int, List<FilterSignature>>();
-
-		private Dictionary<FilterSignature, Action<Entity>> addCallbacks = new Dictionary<FilterSignature, Action<Entity>>();
-		private Dictionary<FilterSignature, Action<Entity>> removeCallbacks = new Dictionary<FilterSignature, Action<Entity>>();
-
-		public FilterStorage(EntityStorage entityStorage, TypeIndices componentTypeIndices)
-		{
-			EntityStorage = entityStorage;
-			ComponentTypeIndices = componentTypeIndices;
-		}
-
-		private void CopyTypeCache(Dictionary<int, List<FilterSignature>> typeCache)
-		{
-			foreach (var type in typeCache.Keys)
-			{
-				if (!typeToFilterSignatures.ContainsKey(type))
-				{
-					typeToFilterSignatures.Add(type, new List<FilterSignature>());
-
-					foreach (var signature in typeCache[type])
-					{
-						typeToFilterSignatures[type].Add(signature);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		public void CreateMissingStorages(FilterStorage other)
-		{
-			foreach (var filterSignature in other.filterSignatureToEntityIDs.Keys)
-			{
-				if (!filterSignatureToEntityIDs.ContainsKey(filterSignature))
-				{
-					filterSignatureToEntityIDs.Add(filterSignature, new IndexableSet<Entity>());
-				}
-			}
-
-			CopyTypeCache(other.typeToFilterSignatures);
-		}
-
-		public Filter CreateFilter(IndexableSet<int> included, IndexableSet<int> excluded)
-		{
-			var filterSignature = new FilterSignature(included, excluded);
-			if (!filterSignatureToEntityIDs.ContainsKey(filterSignature))
-			{
-				filterSignatureToEntityIDs.Add(filterSignature, new IndexableSet<Entity>());
-
-				foreach (var type in included)
-				{
-					if (!typeToFilterSignatures.ContainsKey(type))
-					{
-						typeToFilterSignatures.Add(type, new List<FilterSignature>());
-					}
-
-					typeToFilterSignatures[type].Add(filterSignature);
-				}
-
-				foreach (var type in excluded)
-				{
-					if (!typeToFilterSignatures.ContainsKey(type))
-					{
-						typeToFilterSignatures.Add(type, new List<FilterSignature>());
-					}
-
-					typeToFilterSignatures[type].Add(filterSignature);
-				}
-			}
-			return new Filter(this, included, excluded);
-		}
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> FilterEntities(FilterSignature filterSignature)
-		{
-			return filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature].GetEnumerator();
-		}
-
-		public RandomEntityEnumerator FilterEntitiesRandom(FilterSignature filterSignature)
-		{
-			return new RandomEntityEnumerator(
-				this,
-				filterSignature,
-				RandomManager.LinearCongruentialSequence(FilterCount(filterSignature)));
-		}
-
-		public Entity FilterNthEntity(FilterSignature filterSignature, int index)
-		{
-			return new Entity(filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature][index]);
-		}
-
-		public Entity FilterRandomEntity(FilterSignature filterSignature)
-		{
-			var randomIndex = RandomManager.Next(FilterCount(filterSignature));
-			return new Entity(filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature][randomIndex]);
-		}
-
-		public int FilterCount(FilterSignature filterSignature)
-		{
-			return filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature].Count;
-		}
-
-		public void Check(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			if (typeToFilterSignatures.TryGetValue(componentTypeIndex, out var filterSignatures))
-			{
-				foreach (var filterSignature in filterSignatures)
-				{
-					CheckFilter(entityID, filterSignature);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		public void Check<TComponent>(int entityID) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
-			Check(entityID, ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex<TComponent>());
-		}
-
-		public bool CheckSatisfied(int entityID, FilterSignature filterSignature)
-		{
-			foreach (var type in filterSignature.Included)
-			{
-				if (!EntityStorage.HasComponent(entityID, type))
-				{
-					return false;
-				}
-			}
-
-			foreach (var type in filterSignature.Excluded)
-			{
-				if (EntityStorage.HasComponent(entityID, type))
-				{
-					return false;
-				}
-			}
-
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		private void CheckFilter(int entityID, FilterSignature filterSignature)
-		{
-			foreach (var type in filterSignature.Included)
-			{
-				if (!EntityStorage.HasComponent(entityID, type))
-				{
-					if (filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature].Remove(entityID))
-					{
-						if (removeCallbacks.TryGetValue(filterSignature, out var removeCallback))
-						{
-							removeCallback(entityID);
-						}
-					}
-					return;
-				}
-			}
-
-			foreach (var type in filterSignature.Excluded)
-			{
-				if (EntityStorage.HasComponent(entityID, type))
-				{
-					if (filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature].Remove(entityID))
-					{
-						if (removeCallbacks.TryGetValue(filterSignature, out var removeCallback))
-						{
-							removeCallback(entityID);
-						}
-					}
-					return;
-				}
-			}
-
-			if (filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature].Add(entityID))
-			{
-				if (addCallbacks.TryGetValue(filterSignature, out var addCallback))
-				{
-					addCallback(entityID);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		public void RemoveEntity(int entityID, int componentTypeIndex)
-		{
-			if (typeToFilterSignatures.TryGetValue(componentTypeIndex, out var filterSignatures))
-			{
-				foreach (var filterSignature in filterSignatures)
-				{
-					if (filterSignatureToEntityIDs[filterSignature].Remove(entityID))
-					{
-						if (removeCallbacks.TryGetValue(filterSignature, out var removeCallback))
-						{
-							removeCallback(entityID);
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Used by TransferEntity
-		public void AddEntity(FilterSignature signature, int entityID)
-		{
-			filterSignatureToEntityIDs[signature].Add(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public void TransferStorage(Dictionary<int, int> worldToTransferID, FilterStorage other)
-		{
-			foreach (var (filterSignature, entityIDs) in filterSignatureToEntityIDs)
-			{
-				foreach (var entity in entityIDs)
-				{
-					if (worldToTransferID.ContainsKey(entity))
-					{
-						var otherEntityID = worldToTransferID[entity];
-						other.AddEntity(filterSignature, otherEntityID);
-
-						if (other.addCallbacks.TryGetValue(filterSignature, out var addCallback))
-						{
-							addCallback(otherEntityID);
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// used by World.Clear, ignores callbacks
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			foreach (var (filterSignature, entityIDs) in filterSignatureToEntityIDs)
-			{
-				entityIDs.Clear();
-			}
-		}
-
-		public void RegisterAddCallback(FilterSignature filterSignature, Action<Entity> callback)
-		{
-			addCallbacks.Add(filterSignature, callback);
-		}
-
-		public void RegisterRemoveCallback(FilterSignature filterSignature, Action<Entity> callback)
-		{
-			removeCallbacks.Add(filterSignature, callback);
-		}
-	}
-
-	public ref struct RandomEntityEnumerator
-	{
-		public RandomEntityEnumerator GetEnumerator() => this;
-
-		private FilterStorage FilterStorage;
-		private FilterSignature FilterSignature;
-		private LinearCongruentialEnumerator LinearCongruentialEnumerator;
-
-		internal RandomEntityEnumerator(
-			FilterStorage filterStorage,
-			FilterSignature filterSignature,
-			LinearCongruentialEnumerator linearCongruentialEnumerator)
-		{
-			FilterStorage = filterStorage;
-			FilterSignature = filterSignature;
-			LinearCongruentialEnumerator = linearCongruentialEnumerator;
-		}
-
-		public bool MoveNext() => LinearCongruentialEnumerator.MoveNext();
-		public Entity Current => FilterStorage.FilterNthEntity(FilterSignature, LinearCongruentialEnumerator.Current);
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/IdAssigner.cs b/src/IdAssigner.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a31e73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/IdAssigner.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+using System;
+using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
+
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+internal class IdAssigner : IDisposable
+{
+	uint Next;
+	NativeArray<uint> AvailableIds = new NativeArray<uint>();
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public uint Assign()
+	{
+		if (AvailableIds.TryPop(out var id))
+		{
+			return id;
+		}
+
+		id = Next;
+		Next += 1;
+		return id;
+	}
+
+	public void Unassign(uint id)
+	{
+		AvailableIds.Append(id);
+	}
+
+	public void CopyTo(IdAssigner other)
+	{
+		AvailableIds.CopyTo(other.AvailableIds);
+		other.Next = Next;
+	}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			if (disposing)
+			{
+				AvailableIds.Dispose();
+			}
+
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// // TODO: override finalizer only if 'Dispose(bool disposing)' has code to free unmanaged resources
+	// ~IdAssigner()
+	// {
+	//     // Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+	//     Dispose(disposing: false);
+	// }
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/IndexableSet.cs b/src/IndexableSet.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 1956756..0000000
--- a/src/IndexableSet.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS.Collections
-{
-	public unsafe class IndexableSet<T> : IDisposable where T : unmanaged
-	{
-		private Dictionary<T, int> indices;
-		private T* array;
-		private int count;
-		private int capacity;
-		private bool disposed;
-
-		public int Count => count;
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() => new ReverseSpanEnumerator<T>(new Span<T>(array, count));
-
-		public IndexableSet(int capacity = 32)
-		{
-			this.capacity = capacity;
-			count = 0;
-
-			indices = new Dictionary<T, int>(capacity);
-			array = (T*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
-		}
-
-		public T this[int i] => array[i];
-
-		public bool Contains(T element)
-		{
-			return indices.ContainsKey(element);
-		}
-
-		public bool Add(T element)
-		{
-			if (!Contains(element))
-			{
-				indices.Add(element, count);
-
-				if (count >= capacity)
-				{
-					capacity *= 2;
-					array = (T*) NativeMemory.Realloc(array, (nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
-				}
-
-				array[count] = element;
-				count += 1;
-
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		public bool Remove(T element)
-		{
-			if (!Contains(element))
-			{
-				return false;
-			}
-
-			var lastElement = array[Count - 1];
-			var index = indices[element];
-			array[index] = lastElement;
-			indices[lastElement] = index;
-			count -= 1;
-			indices.Remove(element);
-
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			indices.Clear();
-			count = 0;
-		}
-
-		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
-		{
-			if (!disposed)
-			{
-				NativeMemory.Free(array);
-				array = null;
-
-				disposed = true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		~IndexableSet()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: false);
-		}
-
-		public void Dispose()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: true);
-			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/Manipulator.cs b/src/Manipulator.cs
index 22a6780..1e8b6cf 100644
--- a/src/Manipulator.cs
+++ b/src/Manipulator.cs
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	public abstract class Manipulator : EntityComponentReader
-	{
-		public Manipulator(World world) : base(world)
-		{
-		}
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
 
-		protected Entity CreateEntity(string tag = "") => World.CreateEntity(tag);
-		protected void Tag(Entity entity, string tag) => World.Tag(entity, tag);
-		protected void Set<TComponent>(in Entity entity, in TComponent component) where TComponent : unmanaged => World.Set<TComponent>(entity, component);
-		protected void Remove<TComponent>(in Entity entity) where TComponent : unmanaged => World.Remove<TComponent>(entity);
-		protected void Relate<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB, TRelationKind relationData) where TRelationKind : unmanaged => World.Relate(entityA, entityB, relationData);
-		protected void Unrelate<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where TRelationKind : unmanaged => World.Unrelate<TRelationKind>(entityA, entityB);
-		protected void UnrelateAll<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged => World.UnrelateAll<TRelationKind>(entity);
-		protected void Destroy(in Entity entity) => World.Destroy(entity);
+public abstract class Manipulator : EntityComponentReader
+{
+	public Manipulator(World world) : base(world)
+	{
 	}
+
+	protected Entity CreateEntity(string tag = "") => World.CreateEntity(tag);
+	protected void Tag(Entity entity, string tag) => World.Tag(entity, tag);
+	protected void Set<TComponent>(in Entity entity, in TComponent component) where TComponent : unmanaged => World.Set<TComponent>(entity, component);
+	protected void Remove<TComponent>(in Entity entity) where TComponent : unmanaged => World.Remove<TComponent>(entity);
+
+	protected void Relate<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB, TRelationKind relationData) where TRelationKind : unmanaged => World.Relate(entityA, entityB, relationData);
+	protected void Unrelate<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where TRelationKind : unmanaged => World.Unrelate<TRelationKind>(entityA, entityB);
+	protected void UnrelateAll<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged => World.UnrelateAll<TRelationKind>(entity);
+	protected void Destroy(in Entity entity) => World.Destroy(entity);
 }
diff --git a/src/MessageDepot.cs b/src/MessageDepot.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 63b9e2d..0000000
--- a/src/MessageDepot.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	internal class MessageDepot
-	{
-		private Dictionary<Type, MessageStorage> storages = new Dictionary<Type, MessageStorage>();
-
-		private MessageStorage<TMessage> Lookup<TMessage>() where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			if (!storages.ContainsKey(typeof(TMessage)))
-			{
-				storages.Add(typeof(TMessage), new MessageStorage<TMessage>());
-			}
-
-			return storages[typeof(TMessage)] as MessageStorage<TMessage>;
-		}
-
-		public void Add<TMessage>(in TMessage message) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			Lookup<TMessage>().Add(message);
-		}
-
-		public void Add<TMessage>(int entityID, in TMessage message) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			Lookup<TMessage>().Add(entityID, message);
-		}
-
-		public bool Some<TMessage>() where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TMessage>().Some();
-		}
-
-		public ReadOnlySpan<TMessage> All<TMessage>() where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TMessage>().All();
-		}
-
-		public TMessage First<TMessage>() where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TMessage>().First();
-		}
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<TMessage> WithEntity<TMessage>(int entityID) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TMessage>().WithEntity(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public ref readonly TMessage FirstWithEntity<TMessage>(int entityID) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ref Lookup<TMessage>().FirstWithEntity(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public bool SomeWithEntity<TMessage>(int entityID) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TMessage>().SomeWithEntity(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			foreach (var storage in storages.Values)
-			{
-				storage.Clear();
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/MessageStorage.cs b/src/MessageStorage.cs
index c5091a6..f7e31d3 100644
--- a/src/MessageStorage.cs
+++ b/src/MessageStorage.cs
@@ -1,131 +1,63 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public class MessageStorage : IDisposable
 {
-	internal abstract class MessageStorage
+	private NativeArray Messages;
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public MessageStorage(int elementSize)
 	{
-		public abstract void Clear();
+		Messages = new NativeArray(elementSize);
 	}
 
-	internal unsafe class MessageStorage<TMessage> : MessageStorage, IDisposable where TMessage : unmanaged
+	public void Add<T>(in T message) where T : unmanaged
 	{
-		private int count = 0;
-		private int capacity = 128;
-		private TMessage* messages;
-		// duplicating storage here for fast iteration
-		private Dictionary<int, NativeArray<TMessage>> entityToMessages = new Dictionary<int, NativeArray<TMessage>>();
-		private bool disposed;
+		Messages.Append(message);
+	}
 
-		public MessageStorage()
+	public bool Some()
+	{
+		return Messages.Count > 0;
+	}
+
+	public ReadOnlySpan<T> All<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		return Messages.ToSpan<T>();
+	}
+
+	public T First<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		return Messages.Get<T>(0);
+	}
+
+	public void Clear()
+	{
+		Messages.Clear();
+	}
+
+	private void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
 		{
-			messages = (TMessage*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<TMessage>()));
+			Messages.Dispose();
+			IsDisposed = true;
 		}
+	}
 
-		public void Add(in TMessage message)
-		{
-			if (count == capacity)
-			{
-				capacity *= 2;
-				messages = (TMessage*) NativeMemory.Realloc(messages, (nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<TMessage>()));
-			}
+	// ~MessageStorage()
+	// {
+	// 	// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+	// 	Dispose(disposing: false);
+	// }
 
-			messages[count] = message;
-			count += 1;
-		}
-
-		public void Add(int entityID, in TMessage message)
-		{
-			if (!entityToMessages.ContainsKey(entityID))
-			{
-				entityToMessages.Add(entityID, new NativeArray<TMessage>());
-			}
-			entityToMessages[entityID].Add(message);
-
-			Add(message);
-		}
-
-		public bool Some()
-		{
-			return count > 0;
-		}
-
-		public ReadOnlySpan<TMessage> All()
-		{
-			return new ReadOnlySpan<TMessage>(messages, count);
-		}
-
-		public TMessage First()
-		{
-			return messages[0];
-		}
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<TMessage> WithEntity(int entityID)
-		{
-			if (entityToMessages.TryGetValue(entityID, out var messages))
-			{
-				return messages.GetEnumerator();
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return ReverseSpanEnumerator<TMessage>.Empty;
-			}
-		}
-
-		public ref readonly TMessage FirstWithEntity(int entityID)
-		{
-			return ref entityToMessages[entityID][0];
-		}
-
-		public bool SomeWithEntity(int entityID)
-		{
-			return entityToMessages.ContainsKey(entityID) && entityToMessages[entityID].Count > 0;
-		}
-
-		public override void Clear()
-		{
-			count = 0;
-			foreach (var set in entityToMessages.Values)
-			{
-				set.Clear();
-			}
-		}
-
-		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
-		{
-			if (!disposed)
-			{
-				Clear();
-
-				if (disposing)
-				{
-					foreach (var array in entityToMessages.Values)
-					{
-						array.Dispose();
-					}
-				}
-
-				NativeMemory.Free(messages);
-				messages = null;
-
-				disposed = true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		~MessageStorage()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: false);
-		}
-
-		public void Dispose()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: true);
-			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
-		}
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/Random.cs b/src/Random.cs
index 6f8b258..ea20df1 100644
--- a/src/Random.cs
+++ b/src/Random.cs
@@ -1,209 +1,208 @@
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// This class implements the well equidistributed long-period linear pseudorandom number generator.
+/// Code taken from Chris Lomont: http://lomont.org/papers/2008/Lomont_PRNG_2008.pdf
+/// </summary>
+public class Random
 {
+	public const int STATE_BYTE_COUNT = 68; // 16 state ints + 1 index int
+
+	uint[] State = new uint[16];
+	uint Index = 0;
+	uint Seed;
+
 	/// <summary>
-	/// This class implements the well equidistributed long-period linear pseudorandom number generator.
-	/// Code taken from Chris Lomont: http://lomont.org/papers/2008/Lomont_PRNG_2008.pdf
+	/// Initializes the RNG with an arbitrary seed.
 	/// </summary>
-	public class Random
+	public Random()
 	{
-		public const int STATE_BYTE_COUNT = 68; // 16 state ints + 1 index int
+		Init((uint) Environment.TickCount);
+	}
 
-		uint[] State = new uint[16];
-		uint Index = 0;
-		uint Seed;
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Initializes the RNG with an arbitrary seed.
-		/// </summary>
-		public Random()
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes the RNG with a given seed.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void Init(uint seed)
+	{
+		Seed = seed;
+		uint s = seed;
+		for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
 		{
-			Init((uint) Environment.TickCount);
+			s = (((s * 214013 + 2531011) >> 16) & 0x7fffffff) | 0;
+			State[i] = ~ ~s; //i ;
 		}
+		Index = 0;
+	}
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Initializes the RNG with a given seed.
-		/// </summary>
-		public void Init(uint seed)
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns the seed that was used to initialize the RNG.
+	/// </summary>
+	public uint GetSeed()
+	{
+		return Seed;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns the entire state of the RNG as a string.
+	/// </summary>
+	public string PrintState()
+	{
+		var s = "";
+		for (var i = 0; i < 16; i += 1)
 		{
-			Seed = seed;
-			uint s = seed;
-			for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
-			{
-				s = (((s * 214013 + 2531011) >> 16) & 0x7fffffff) | 0;
-				State[i] = ~ ~s; //i ;
-			}
-			Index = 0;
+			s += State[i];
 		}
+		s += Index;
+		return s;
+	}
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns the seed that was used to initialize the RNG.
-		/// </summary>
-		public uint GetSeed()
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Saves the entire state of the RNG to a Span.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="bytes">Must be a span of at least STATE_BYTE_COUNT bytes.</param>
+	/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if the byte span is too short.</exception>
+	public unsafe void SaveState(Span<byte> bytes)
+	{
+#if DEBUG
+		if (bytes.Length < STATE_BYTE_COUNT)
 		{
-			return Seed;
+			throw new ArgumentException("Byte span too short!");
 		}
+#endif
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns the entire state of the RNG as a string.
-		/// </summary>
-		public string PrintState()
+		fixed (byte* ptr = bytes)
 		{
-			var s = "";
+			var offset = 0;
 			for (var i = 0; i < 16; i += 1)
 			{
-				s += State[i];
+				Unsafe.Write(ptr + offset, State[i]);
+				offset += 4;
 			}
-			s += Index;
-			return s;
-		}
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Saves the entire state of the RNG to a Span.
-		/// </summary>
-		/// <param name="bytes">Must be a span of at least STATE_BYTE_COUNT bytes.</param>
-		/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if the byte span is too short.</exception>
-		public unsafe void SaveState(Span<byte> bytes)
-		{
-			#if DEBUG
-			if (bytes.Length < STATE_BYTE_COUNT)
-			{
-				throw new ArgumentException("Byte span too short!");
-			}
-			#endif
-
-			fixed (byte* ptr = bytes)
-			{
-				var offset = 0;
-				for (var i = 0; i < 16; i += 1)
-				{
-					Unsafe.Write(ptr + offset, State[i]);
-					offset += 4;
-				}
-
-				Unsafe.Write(ptr + offset, Index);
-			}
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Loads the entire state of the RNG from a Span.
-		/// </summary>
-		/// <param name="bytes">Must be a span of at least STATE_BYTE_COUNT bytes.</param>
-		/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if the byte span is too short.</exception>
-		public unsafe void LoadState(Span<byte> bytes)
-		{
-			#if DEBUG
-			if (bytes.Length < STATE_BYTE_COUNT)
-			{
-				throw new ArgumentException("Byte span too short!");
-			}
-			#endif
-
-			fixed (byte* ptr = bytes)
-			{
-				var offset = 0;
-
-				for (var i = 0; i < 16; i += 1)
-				{
-					State[i] = Unsafe.Read<uint>(ptr + offset);
-					offset += 4;
-				}
-
-				Index = Unsafe.Read<uint>(ptr + offset);
-			}
-		}
-
-		private uint NextInternal()
-		{
-			uint a, b, c, d;
-			a = State[Index];
-			c = State[(Index+13)&15];
-			b = a^c^(a<<16)^(c<<15);
-			c = State[(Index+9)&15];
-			c ^= (c>>11);
-			a = State[Index] = b^c;
-			d = (uint) (a ^((a<<5)&0xDA442D24UL));
-			Index = (Index + 15)&15;
-			a = State[Index];
-			State[Index] = a^b^d^(a<<2)^(b<<18)^(c<<28);
-			return State[Index];
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a non-negative signed integer.
-		/// </summary>
-		public int Next()
-		{
-			return (int) (NextInternal() >>> 1); // unsigned bitshift right to get rid of signed bit
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a non-negative signed integer less than max.
-		/// </summary>
-		public int Next(int max)
-		{
-			return (int) (((double) Next()) * max / int.MaxValue);
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a signed integer greater than or equal to min and less than max.
-		/// </summary>
-		public int Next(int min, int max)
-		{
-			var diff = max - min;
-			var next = Next(diff);
-			return min + next;
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a non-negative signed 64 bit integer.
-		/// </summary>
-		public long NextInt64()
-		{
-			long next = NextInternal();
-			next <<= 32;
-			next |= NextInternal();
-			next >>>= 1;
-			return next;
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a non-negative signed 64 bit integer less than max.
-		/// </summary>
-		public long NextInt64(long max)
-		{
-			var next = NextInt64();
-			return (long) (((double) next) * max / long.MaxValue);
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a non-negative signed 64 bit integer greater than or equal to min and less than max.
-		/// </summary>
-		public long NextInt64(long min, long max)
-		{
-			var diff = max - min;
-			var next = NextInt64(diff);
-			return min + next;
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a single-precision floating point value between 0 and 1.
-		/// </summary>
-		public float NextSingle()
-		{
-			var n = NextInternal();
-			return ((float) n) / uint.MaxValue;
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Returns a double-precision floating point value between 0 and 1.
-		/// </summary>
-		public double NextDouble()
-		{
-			var n = NextInternal();
-			return ((double) n) / uint.MaxValue;
+			Unsafe.Write(ptr + offset, Index);
 		}
 	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Loads the entire state of the RNG from a Span.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="bytes">Must be a span of at least STATE_BYTE_COUNT bytes.</param>
+	/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if the byte span is too short.</exception>
+	public unsafe void LoadState(Span<byte> bytes)
+	{
+#if DEBUG
+		if (bytes.Length < STATE_BYTE_COUNT)
+		{
+			throw new ArgumentException("Byte span too short!");
+		}
+#endif
+
+		fixed (byte* ptr = bytes)
+		{
+			var offset = 0;
+
+			for (var i = 0; i < 16; i += 1)
+			{
+				State[i] = Unsafe.Read<uint>(ptr + offset);
+				offset += 4;
+			}
+
+			Index = Unsafe.Read<uint>(ptr + offset);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private uint NextInternal()
+	{
+		uint a, b, c, d;
+		a = State[Index];
+		c = State[(Index+13)&15];
+		b = a^c^(a<<16)^(c<<15);
+		c = State[(Index+9)&15];
+		c ^= (c>>11);
+		a = State[Index] = b^c;
+		d = (uint) (a ^((a<<5)&0xDA442D24UL));
+		Index = (Index + 15)&15;
+		a = State[Index];
+		State[Index] = a^b^d^(a<<2)^(b<<18)^(c<<28);
+		return State[Index];
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a non-negative signed integer.
+	/// </summary>
+	public int Next()
+	{
+		return (int) (NextInternal() >>> 1); // unsigned bitshift right to get rid of signed bit
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a non-negative signed integer less than max.
+	/// </summary>
+	public int Next(int max)
+	{
+		return (int) (((double) Next()) * max / int.MaxValue);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a signed integer greater than or equal to min and less than max.
+	/// </summary>
+	public int Next(int min, int max)
+	{
+		var diff = max - min;
+		var next = Next(diff);
+		return min + next;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a non-negative signed 64 bit integer.
+	/// </summary>
+	public long NextInt64()
+	{
+		long next = NextInternal();
+		next <<= 32;
+		next |= NextInternal();
+		next >>>= 1;
+		return next;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a non-negative signed 64 bit integer less than max.
+	/// </summary>
+	public long NextInt64(long max)
+	{
+		var next = NextInt64();
+		return (long) (((double) next) * max / long.MaxValue);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a non-negative signed 64 bit integer greater than or equal to min and less than max.
+	/// </summary>
+	public long NextInt64(long min, long max)
+	{
+		var diff = max - min;
+		var next = NextInt64(diff);
+		return min + next;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a single-precision floating point value between 0 and 1.
+	/// </summary>
+	public float NextSingle()
+	{
+		var n = NextInternal();
+		return ((float) n) / uint.MaxValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a double-precision floating point value between 0 and 1.
+	/// </summary>
+	public double NextDouble()
+	{
+		var n = NextInternal();
+		return ((double) n) / uint.MaxValue;
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/RandomManager.cs b/src/RandomManager.cs
index cf90d75..b0d00dd 100644
--- a/src/RandomManager.cs
+++ b/src/RandomManager.cs
@@ -1,82 +1,81 @@
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public static class RandomManager
 {
-	public static class RandomManager
+	private static Random Random = new Random();
+
+	private static int[] Primes =
 	{
-		private static Random Random = new Random();
+		2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97,101,103,107,109,113,127,131,137,139,149,151,157,163,167,173,179,181,191,193,197,199,211,223,227,229,233,239,241,251,257,263,269,271,277,281,283,293,307,311,313,317,331,337,347,349,353,359,367,373,379,383,389,397,401,409,419,421,431,433,439,443,449,457,461,463,467,479,487,491,499,503,509,521,523,541,547,557,563,569,571,577,587,593,599,601,607,613,617,619,631,641,643,647,653,659,661,673,677,683,691,701,709,719,727,733,739,743,751,757,761,769,773,787,797,809,811,821,823,827,829,839,853,857,859,863,877,881,883,887,907,911,919,929,937,941,947,953,967,971,977,983,991,997,1009,1013,1019,1021,1031,1033,1039,1049,1051,1061,1063,1069,1087,1091,1093,1097,1103,1109,1117,1123,1129,1151,1153,1163,1171,1181,1187,1193,1201,1213,1217,1223,1229,1231,1237,1249,1259,1277,1279,1283,1289,1291,1297,1301,1303,1307,1319,1321,1327,1361,1367,1373,1381,1399,1409,1423,1427,1429,1433,1439,1447,1451,1453,1459,1471,1481,1483,1487,1489,1493,1499,1511,1523,1531,1543,1549,1553,1559,1567,1571,1579,1583,1597,1601,1607,1609,1613,1619,1621,1627,1637,1657,1663,1667,1669,1693,1697,1699,1709,1721,1723,1733,1741,1747,1753,1759,1777,1783,1787,1789,1801,1811,1823,1831,1847,1861,1867,1871,1873,1877,1879,1889,1901,1907,1913,1931,1933,1949,1951,1973,1979,1987,1993,1997,1999,2003,2011,2017,2027,2029,2039,2053,2063,2069,2081,2083,2087,2089,2099,2111,2113,2129,2131,2137,2141,2143,2153,2161,2179,2203,2207,2213,2221,2237,2239,2243,2251,2267,2269,2273,2281,2287,2293,2297,2309,2311,2333,2339,2341,2347,2351,2357,2371,2377,2381,2383,2389,2393,2399,2411,2417,2423,2437,2441,2447,2459,2467,2473,2477,2503,2521,2531,2539,2543,2549,2551,2557,2579,2591,2593,2609,2617,2621,2633,2647,2657,2659,2663,2671,2677,2683,2687,2689,2693,2699,2707,2711,2713,2719,2729,2731,2741,2749,2753,2767,2777,2789,2791,2797,2801,2803,2819,2833,2837,2843,2851,2857,2861,2879,2887,2897,2903,2909,2917,2927,2939,2953,2957,2963,2969,2971,2999,3001,3011,3019,3023,3037,3041,3049,3061,3067,3079,3083,3089,3109,3119,3121,3137,3163,3167,3169,3181,3187,3191,3203,3209,3217,3221,3229,3251,3253,3257,3259,3271,3299,3301,3307,3313,3319,3323,3329,3331,3343,3347,3359,3361,3371,3373,3389,3391,3407,3413,3433,3449,3457,3461,3463,3467,3469,3491,3499,3511,3517,3527,3529,3533,3539,3541,3547,3557,3559,3571,3581,3583,3593,3607,3613,3617,3623,3631,3637,3643,3659,3671,3673,3677,3691,3697,3701,3709,3719,3727,3733,3739,3761,3767,3769,3779,3793,3797,3803,3821,3823,3833,3847,3851,3853,3863,3877,3881,3889,3907,3911,3917,3919,3923,3929,3931,3943,3947,3967,3989,4001,4003,4007,4013,4019,4021,4027,4049,4051,4057,4073,4079,4091,4093,4099,4111,4127,4129,4133,4139,4153,4157,4159,4177,4201,4211,4217,4219,4229,4231,4241,4243,4253,4259,4261,4271,4273,4283,4289,4297,4327,4337,4339,4349,4357,4363,4373,4391,4397,4409,4421,4423,4441,4447,4451,4457,4463,4481,4483,4493,4507,4513,4517,4519,4523,4547,4549,4561,4567,4583,4591,4597,4603,4621,4637,4639,4643,4649,4651,4657,4663,4673,4679,4691,4703,4721,4723,4729,4733,4751,4759,4783,4787,4789,4793,4799,4801,4813,4817,4831,4861,4871,4877,4889,4903,4909,4919,4931,4933,4937,4943,4951,4957,4967,4969,4973,4987,4993,4999,5003,5009,5011,5021,5023,5039,5051,5059,5077,5081,5087,5099,5101,5107,5113,5119,5147,5153,5167,5171,5179,5189,5197,5209,5227,5231,5233,5237,5261,5273,5279,5281,5297,5303,5309,5323,5333,5347,5351,5381,5387,5393,5399,5407,5413,5417,5419,5431,5437,5441,5443,5449,5471,5477,5479,5483,5501,5503,5507,5519,5521,5527,5531,5557,5563,5569,5573,5581,5591,5623,5639,5641,5647,5651,5653,5657,5659,5669,5683,5689,5693,5701,5711,5717,5737,5741,5743,5749,5779,5783,5791,5801,5807,5813,5821,5827,5839,5843,5849,5851,5857,5861,5867,5869,5879,5881,5897,5903,5923,5927,5939,5953,5981,5987,6007,6011,6029,6037,6043,6047,6053,6067,6073,6079,6089,6091,6101,6113,6121,6131,6133,6143,6151,6163,6173,6197,6199,6203,6211,6217,6221,6229,6247,6257,6263,6269,6271,6277,6287,6299,6301,6311,6317,6323,6329,6337,6343,6353,6359,6361,6367,6373,6379,6389,6397,6421,6427,6449,6451,6469,6473,6481,6491,6521,6529,6547,6551,6553,6563,6569,6571,6577,6581,6599,6607,6619,6637,6653,6659,6661,6673,6679,6689,6691,6701,6703,6709,6719,6733,6737,6761,6763,6779,6781,6791,6793,6803,6823,6827,6829,6833,6841,6857,6863,6869,6871,6883,6899,6907,6911,6917,6947,6949,6959,6961,6967,6971,6977,6983,6991,6997,7001,7013,7019,7027,7039,7043,7057,7069,7079,7103,7109,7121,7127,7129,7151,7159,7177,7187,7193,7207,7211,7213,7219,7229,7237,7243,7247,7253,7283,7297,7307,7309,7321,7331,7333,7349,7351,7369,7393,7411,7417,7433,7451,7457,7459,7477,7481,7487,7489,7499,7507,7517,7523,7529,7537,7541,7547,7549,7559,7561,7573,7577,7583,7589,7591,7603,7607,7621,7639,7643,7649,7669,7673,7681,7687,7691,7699,7703,7717,7723,7727,7741,7753,7757,7759,7789,7793,7817,7823,7829,7841,7853,7867,7873,7877,7879,7883,7901,7907,7919
+	};
 
-		private static int[] Primes =
-		{
-			2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97,101,103,107,109,113,127,131,137,139,149,151,157,163,167,173,179,181,191,193,197,199,211,223,227,229,233,239,241,251,257,263,269,271,277,281,283,293,307,311,313,317,331,337,347,349,353,359,367,373,379,383,389,397,401,409,419,421,431,433,439,443,449,457,461,463,467,479,487,491,499,503,509,521,523,541,547,557,563,569,571,577,587,593,599,601,607,613,617,619,631,641,643,647,653,659,661,673,677,683,691,701,709,719,727,733,739,743,751,757,761,769,773,787,797,809,811,821,823,827,829,839,853,857,859,863,877,881,883,887,907,911,919,929,937,941,947,953,967,971,977,983,991,997,1009,1013,1019,1021,1031,1033,1039,1049,1051,1061,1063,1069,1087,1091,1093,1097,1103,1109,1117,1123,1129,1151,1153,1163,1171,1181,1187,1193,1201,1213,1217,1223,1229,1231,1237,1249,1259,1277,1279,1283,1289,1291,1297,1301,1303,1307,1319,1321,1327,1361,1367,1373,1381,1399,1409,1423,1427,1429,1433,1439,1447,1451,1453,1459,1471,1481,1483,1487,1489,1493,1499,1511,1523,1531,1543,1549,1553,1559,1567,1571,1579,1583,1597,1601,1607,1609,1613,1619,1621,1627,1637,1657,1663,1667,1669,1693,1697,1699,1709,1721,1723,1733,1741,1747,1753,1759,1777,1783,1787,1789,1801,1811,1823,1831,1847,1861,1867,1871,1873,1877,1879,1889,1901,1907,1913,1931,1933,1949,1951,1973,1979,1987,1993,1997,1999,2003,2011,2017,2027,2029,2039,2053,2063,2069,2081,2083,2087,2089,2099,2111,2113,2129,2131,2137,2141,2143,2153,2161,2179,2203,2207,2213,2221,2237,2239,2243,2251,2267,2269,2273,2281,2287,2293,2297,2309,2311,2333,2339,2341,2347,2351,2357,2371,2377,2381,2383,2389,2393,2399,2411,2417,2423,2437,2441,2447,2459,2467,2473,2477,2503,2521,2531,2539,2543,2549,2551,2557,2579,2591,2593,2609,2617,2621,2633,2647,2657,2659,2663,2671,2677,2683,2687,2689,2693,2699,2707,2711,2713,2719,2729,2731,2741,2749,2753,2767,2777,2789,2791,2797,2801,2803,2819,2833,2837,2843,2851,2857,2861,2879,2887,2897,2903,2909,2917,2927,2939,2953,2957,2963,2969,2971,2999,3001,3011,3019,3023,3037,3041,3049,3061,3067,3079,3083,3089,3109,3119,3121,3137,3163,3167,3169,3181,3187,3191,3203,3209,3217,3221,3229,3251,3253,3257,3259,3271,3299,3301,3307,3313,3319,3323,3329,3331,3343,3347,3359,3361,3371,3373,3389,3391,3407,3413,3433,3449,3457,3461,3463,3467,3469,3491,3499,3511,3517,3527,3529,3533,3539,3541,3547,3557,3559,3571,3581,3583,3593,3607,3613,3617,3623,3631,3637,3643,3659,3671,3673,3677,3691,3697,3701,3709,3719,3727,3733,3739,3761,3767,3769,3779,3793,3797,3803,3821,3823,3833,3847,3851,3853,3863,3877,3881,3889,3907,3911,3917,3919,3923,3929,3931,3943,3947,3967,3989,4001,4003,4007,4013,4019,4021,4027,4049,4051,4057,4073,4079,4091,4093,4099,4111,4127,4129,4133,4139,4153,4157,4159,4177,4201,4211,4217,4219,4229,4231,4241,4243,4253,4259,4261,4271,4273,4283,4289,4297,4327,4337,4339,4349,4357,4363,4373,4391,4397,4409,4421,4423,4441,4447,4451,4457,4463,4481,4483,4493,4507,4513,4517,4519,4523,4547,4549,4561,4567,4583,4591,4597,4603,4621,4637,4639,4643,4649,4651,4657,4663,4673,4679,4691,4703,4721,4723,4729,4733,4751,4759,4783,4787,4789,4793,4799,4801,4813,4817,4831,4861,4871,4877,4889,4903,4909,4919,4931,4933,4937,4943,4951,4957,4967,4969,4973,4987,4993,4999,5003,5009,5011,5021,5023,5039,5051,5059,5077,5081,5087,5099,5101,5107,5113,5119,5147,5153,5167,5171,5179,5189,5197,5209,5227,5231,5233,5237,5261,5273,5279,5281,5297,5303,5309,5323,5333,5347,5351,5381,5387,5393,5399,5407,5413,5417,5419,5431,5437,5441,5443,5449,5471,5477,5479,5483,5501,5503,5507,5519,5521,5527,5531,5557,5563,5569,5573,5581,5591,5623,5639,5641,5647,5651,5653,5657,5659,5669,5683,5689,5693,5701,5711,5717,5737,5741,5743,5749,5779,5783,5791,5801,5807,5813,5821,5827,5839,5843,5849,5851,5857,5861,5867,5869,5879,5881,5897,5903,5923,5927,5939,5953,5981,5987,6007,6011,6029,6037,6043,6047,6053,6067,6073,6079,6089,6091,6101,6113,6121,6131,6133,6143,6151,6163,6173,6197,6199,6203,6211,6217,6221,6229,6247,6257,6263,6269,6271,6277,6287,6299,6301,6311,6317,6323,6329,6337,6343,6353,6359,6361,6367,6373,6379,6389,6397,6421,6427,6449,6451,6469,6473,6481,6491,6521,6529,6547,6551,6553,6563,6569,6571,6577,6581,6599,6607,6619,6637,6653,6659,6661,6673,6679,6689,6691,6701,6703,6709,6719,6733,6737,6761,6763,6779,6781,6791,6793,6803,6823,6827,6829,6833,6841,6857,6863,6869,6871,6883,6899,6907,6911,6917,6947,6949,6959,6961,6967,6971,6977,6983,6991,6997,7001,7013,7019,7027,7039,7043,7057,7069,7079,7103,7109,7121,7127,7129,7151,7159,7177,7187,7193,7207,7211,7213,7219,7229,7237,7243,7247,7253,7283,7297,7307,7309,7321,7331,7333,7349,7351,7369,7393,7411,7417,7433,7451,7457,7459,7477,7481,7487,7489,7499,7507,7517,7523,7529,7537,7541,7547,7549,7559,7561,7573,7577,7583,7589,7591,7603,7607,7621,7639,7643,7649,7669,7673,7681,7687,7691,7699,7703,7717,7723,7727,7741,7753,7757,7759,7789,7793,7817,7823,7829,7841,7853,7867,7873,7877,7879,7883,7901,7907,7919
-		};
-
-		public static void SetRandom(Random random)
-		{
-			Random = random;
-		}
-
-		internal static int Next(int maxValue)
-		{
-			return Random.Next(maxValue);
-		}
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// A psuedorandom nonrepeating sequence of integers from 0 to n.
-		/// </summary>
-		internal static LinearCongruentialEnumerator LinearCongruentialSequence(int n)
-		{
-			if (n == 0)
-			{
-				// bail out, empty enumerator
-				return new LinearCongruentialEnumerator(0, 0, 0);
-			}
-
-			var x = Primes[Random.Next(Primes.Length - 1)];
-			while (x % n == 0)
-			{
-				// not coprime, try again
-				x = Primes[Random.Next(Primes.Length - 1)];
-			}
-
-			return new LinearCongruentialEnumerator(Random.Next(n), x, n);
-		}
+	public static void SetRandom(Random random)
+	{
+		Random = random;
 	}
 
-	public struct LinearCongruentialEnumerator
+	internal static int Next(int maxValue)
 	{
-		private readonly int start;
-		private readonly int count;
-		private readonly int prime;
-		private int current;
+		return Random.Next(maxValue);
+	}
 
-		public LinearCongruentialEnumerator GetEnumerator() => this;
-
-		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-		internal LinearCongruentialEnumerator(int start, int prime, int count)
+	/// <summary>
+	/// A psuedorandom nonrepeating sequence of integers from 0 to n.
+	/// </summary>
+	internal static LinearCongruentialEnumerator LinearCongruentialSequence(int n)
+	{
+		if (n == 0)
 		{
-			current = start;
-			this.start = start;
-			this.prime = prime;
-			this.count = count;
+			// bail out, empty enumerator
+			return new LinearCongruentialEnumerator(0, 0, 0);
 		}
 
-		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-		public bool MoveNext()
+		var x = Primes[Random.Next(Primes.Length - 1)];
+		while (x % n == 0)
 		{
-			current += 1;
-			if (current < start + count)
-			{
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			return false;
+			// not coprime, try again
+			x = Primes[Random.Next(Primes.Length - 1)];
 		}
 
-		public int Current
-		{
-			[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-			get => (current * prime) % count;
-		}
+		return new LinearCongruentialEnumerator(Random.Next(n), x, n);
+	}
+}
+
+public struct LinearCongruentialEnumerator
+{
+	private readonly int start;
+	private readonly int count;
+	private readonly int prime;
+	private int current;
+
+	public LinearCongruentialEnumerator GetEnumerator() => this;
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	internal LinearCongruentialEnumerator(int start, int prime, int count)
+	{
+		current = start;
+		this.start = start;
+		this.prime = prime;
+		this.count = count;
+	}
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	public bool MoveNext()
+	{
+		current += 1;
+		if (current < start + count)
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public int Current
+	{
+		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+		get => (current * prime) % count;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/RelationDepot.cs b/src/RelationDepot.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7963a6c..0000000
--- a/src/RelationDepot.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	internal class RelationDepot
-	{
-		private EntityStorage EntityStorage;
-		private TypeIndices RelationTypeIndices;
-		private RelationStorage[] storages = new RelationStorage[256];
-
-		public RelationDepot(EntityStorage entityStorage, TypeIndices relationTypeIndices)
-		{
-			EntityStorage = entityStorage;
-			RelationTypeIndices = relationTypeIndices;
-		}
-
-		private void Register<TRelationKind>(int index) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			if (index >= storages.Length)
-			{
-				Array.Resize(ref storages, storages.Length * 2);
-			}
-
-			storages[index] = new RelationStorage<TRelationKind>();
-		}
-
-		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-		private RelationStorage<TRelationKind> Lookup<TRelationKind>() where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			var storageIndex = RelationTypeIndices.GetIndex<TRelationKind>();
-			// TODO: is there some way to avoid this null check?
-			if (storages[storageIndex] == null)
-			{
-				Register<TRelationKind>(storageIndex);
-			}
-			return (RelationStorage<TRelationKind>) storages[storageIndex];
-		}
-
-		public void Set<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB, TRelationKind relationData) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			Lookup<TRelationKind>().Set(entityA, entityB, relationData);
-		}
-
-		public TRelationKind Get<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().Get(entityA, entityB);
-		}
-
-		public (bool, bool) Remove<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().Remove(entityA, entityB);
-		}
-
-		public void UnrelateAll<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			Lookup<TRelationKind>().UnrelateAll(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)> Relations<TRelationKind>() where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().All();
-		}
-
-		public bool Related<TRelationKind>(int idA, int idB) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().Has((idA, idB));
-		}
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> OutRelations<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().OutRelations(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public Entity OutRelationSingleton<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().OutFirst(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public Entity NthOutRelation<TRelationKind>(int entityID, int n) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().OutNth(entityID, n);
-		}
-
-		public int OutRelationCount<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().OutRelationCount(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public bool HasOutRelation<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().HasOutRelation(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> InRelations<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().InRelations(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public Entity NthInRelation<TRelationKind>(int entityID, int n) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().InNth(entityID, n);
-		}
-
-		public Entity InRelationSingleton<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().InFirst(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public bool HasInRelation<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().HasInRelation(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public int InRelationCount<TRelationKind>(int entityID) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			return Lookup<TRelationKind>().InRelationCount(entityID);
-		}
-
-		// untyped methods used for destroying and snapshots
-
-		public unsafe void Set(int entityA, int entityB, int relationTypeIndex, void* relationData)
-		{
-			storages[relationTypeIndex].Set(entityA, entityB, relationData);
-		}
-
-		public void UnrelateAll(int entityID, int relationTypeIndex)
-		{
-			storages[relationTypeIndex].UnrelateAll(entityID);
-		}
-
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			for (var i = 0; i < storages.Length; i += 1)
-			{
-				if (storages[i] != null)
-				{
-					storages[i].Clear();
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		public void CreateMissingStorages(RelationDepot other)
-		{
-			while (other.RelationTypeIndices.Count >= storages.Length)
-			{
-				Array.Resize(ref storages, storages.Length * 2);
-			}
-
-			while (other.RelationTypeIndices.Count >= other.storages.Length)
-			{
-				Array.Resize(ref other.storages, other.storages.Length * 2);
-			}
-
-			for (var i = 0; i < other.RelationTypeIndices.Count; i += 1)
-			{
-				if (storages[i] == null && other.storages[i] != null)
-				{
-					storages[i] = other.storages[i].CreateStorage();
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		public unsafe void TransferStorage(Dictionary<int, int> worldToTransferID, RelationDepot other)
-		{
-			for (var i = 0; i < storages.Length; i += 1)
-			{
-				if (storages[i] != null)
-				{
-					foreach (var (a, b) in storages[i].All())
-					{
-						if (worldToTransferID.TryGetValue(a, out var otherA))
-						{
-							if (worldToTransferID.TryGetValue(b, out var otherB))
-							{
-								var storageIndex = storages[i].GetStorageIndex(a, b);
-								var relationData = storages[i].Get(storageIndex);
-								other.Set(otherA, otherB, i, relationData);
-								other.EntityStorage.AddRelationKind(otherA, i);
-								other.EntityStorage.AddRelationKind(otherB, i);
-							}
-							else
-							{
-								throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing transfer entity! {EntityStorage.Tag(a.ID)} related to {EntityStorage.Tag(b.ID)}");
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/RelationStorage.cs b/src/RelationStorage.cs
index 50b4e43..40b64ef 100644
--- a/src/RelationStorage.cs
+++ b/src/RelationStorage.cs
@@ -1,332 +1,284 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+// TODO: implement this entire class with NativeMemory equivalents, can just memcpy for snapshots
+internal class RelationStorage
 {
-	internal abstract class RelationStorage
+	internal NativeArray Relations;
+	internal NativeArray RelationDatas;
+	internal Dictionary<(Entity, Entity), int> Indices = new Dictionary<(Entity, Entity), int>(16);
+	internal Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<Entity>> OutRelationSets = new Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<Entity>>(16);
+	internal Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<Entity>> InRelationSets = new Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<Entity>>(16);
+	private Stack<IndexableSet<Entity>> ListPool = new Stack<IndexableSet<Entity>>();
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public RelationStorage(int relationDataSize)
 	{
-		public abstract unsafe void Set(int entityA, int entityB, void* relationData);
-		public abstract int GetStorageIndex(int entityA, int entityB);
-		public abstract unsafe void* Get(int relationStorageIndex);
-		public abstract void UnrelateAll(int entityID);
-		public abstract ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)> All();
-		public abstract RelationStorage CreateStorage();
-		public abstract void Clear();
+		Relations = new NativeArray(Unsafe.SizeOf<(Entity, Entity)>());
+		RelationDatas = new NativeArray(relationDataSize);
 	}
 
-	// Relation is the two entities, A related to B.
-	// TRelation is the data attached to the relation.
-	internal unsafe class RelationStorage<TRelation> : RelationStorage, IDisposable where TRelation : unmanaged
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)> All()
 	{
-		private int count = 0;
-		private int capacity = 16;
-		private (Entity, Entity)* relations;
-		private TRelation* relationDatas;
-		private Dictionary<(Entity, Entity), int> indices = new Dictionary<(Entity, Entity), int>(16);
-		private Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<Entity>> outRelations = new Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<Entity>>(16);
-		private Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<Entity>> inRelations = new Dictionary<int, IndexableSet<Entity>>(16);
-		private Stack<IndexableSet<Entity>> listPool = new Stack<IndexableSet<Entity>>();
+		return new ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)>(Relations.ToSpan<(Entity, Entity)>());
+	}
 
-		private bool disposed;
+	public unsafe void Set<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB, in T relationData) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relation = (entityA, entityB);
 
-		public RelationStorage()
+		if (Indices.TryGetValue(relation, out var index))
 		{
-			relations = ((Entity, Entity)*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<(Entity, Entity)>()));
-			relationDatas = (TRelation*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<TRelation>()));
+			RelationDatas.Set(index, relationData);
+			return;
 		}
 
-		public override ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)> All()
+		if (!OutRelationSets.ContainsKey(entityA))
 		{
-			return new ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)>(new Span<(Entity, Entity)>(relations, count));
+			OutRelationSets[entityA] = AcquireHashSetFromPool();
 		}
+		OutRelationSets[entityA].Add(entityB);
 
-		public void Set(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB, TRelation relationData)
+		if (!InRelationSets.ContainsKey(entityB))
 		{
-			var relation = (entityA, entityB);
-
-			if (indices.TryGetValue(relation, out var index))
-			{
-				relationDatas[index] = relationData;
-				return;
-			}
-
-			var idA = entityA.ID;
-			var idB = entityB.ID;
-
-			if (!outRelations.ContainsKey(idA))
-			{
-				outRelations[idA] = AcquireHashSetFromPool();
-			}
-			outRelations[idA].Add(idB);
-
-			if (!inRelations.ContainsKey(idB))
-			{
-				inRelations[idB] = AcquireHashSetFromPool();
-			}
-			inRelations[idB].Add(idA);
-
-			if (count >= capacity)
-			{
-				capacity *= 2;
-				relations = ((Entity, Entity)*) NativeMemory.Realloc(relations, (nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<(Entity, Entity)>()));
-				relationDatas = (TRelation*) NativeMemory.Realloc(relationDatas, (nuint) (capacity * Unsafe.SizeOf<TRelation>()));
-			}
-
-			relations[count] = relation;
-			relationDatas[count] = relationData;
-			indices.Add(relation, count);
-			count += 1;
+			InRelationSets[entityB] = AcquireHashSetFromPool();
 		}
+		InRelationSets[entityB].Add(entityA);
 
-		public TRelation Get(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB)
+		Relations.Append(relation);
+		RelationDatas.Append(relationData);
+		Indices.Add(relation, Relations.Count - 1);
+	}
+
+	public ref T Get<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationIndex = Indices[(entityA, entityB)];
+		return ref RelationDatas.Get<T>(relationIndex);
+	}
+
+	public bool Has(Entity entityA, Entity entityB)
+	{
+		return Indices.ContainsKey((entityA, entityB));
+	}
+
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> OutRelations(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		if (OutRelationSets.TryGetValue(Entity, out var entityOutRelations))
 		{
-			return relationDatas[indices[(entityA, entityB)]];
+			return entityOutRelations.GetEnumerator();
 		}
-
-		public bool Has((Entity, Entity) relation)
+		else
 		{
-			return indices.ContainsKey(relation);
+			return ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity>.Empty;
 		}
+	}
 
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> OutRelations(int entityID)
-		{
-			if (outRelations.TryGetValue(entityID, out var entityOutRelations))
-			{
-				return entityOutRelations.GetEnumerator();
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity>.Empty;
-			}
-		}
+	public Entity OutFirst(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		return OutNth(Entity, 0);
+	}
 
-		public Entity OutFirst(int entityID)
-		{
-			return OutNth(entityID, 0);
-		}
-
-		public Entity OutNth(int entityID, int n)
-		{
+	public Entity OutNth(Entity Entity, int n)
+	{
 #if DEBUG
-			if (!outRelations.ContainsKey(entityID) || outRelations[entityID].Count == 0)
-			{
-				throw new KeyNotFoundException("No out relations to this entity!");
-			}
+		if (!OutRelationSets.ContainsKey(Entity) || OutRelationSets[Entity].Count == 0)
+		{
+			throw new KeyNotFoundException("No out relations to this entity!");
+		}
 #endif
-			return outRelations[entityID][n];
-		}
+		return OutRelationSets[Entity][n];
+	}
 
-		public bool HasOutRelation(int entityID)
-		{
-			return outRelations.ContainsKey(entityID) && outRelations[entityID].Count > 0;
-		}
+	public bool HasOutRelation(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		return OutRelationSets.ContainsKey(Entity) && OutRelationSets[Entity].Count > 0;
+	}
 
-		public int OutRelationCount(int entityID)
-		{
-			return outRelations.TryGetValue(entityID, out var entityOutRelations) ? entityOutRelations.Count : 0;
-		}
+	public int OutRelationCount(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		return OutRelationSets.TryGetValue(Entity, out var entityOutRelations) ? entityOutRelations.Count : 0;
+	}
 
-		public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> InRelations(int entityID)
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> InRelations(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		if (InRelationSets.TryGetValue(Entity, out var entityInRelations))
 		{
-			if (inRelations.TryGetValue(entityID, out var entityInRelations))
-			{
-				return entityInRelations.GetEnumerator();
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity>.Empty;
-			}
+			return entityInRelations.GetEnumerator();
 		}
-
-		public Entity InFirst(int entityID)
+		else
 		{
-			return InNth(entityID, 0);
+			return ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity>.Empty;
 		}
+	}
 
-		public Entity InNth(int entityID, int n)
-		{
+	public Entity InFirst(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		return InNth(Entity, 0);
+	}
+
+	public Entity InNth(Entity Entity, int n)
+	{
 #if DEBUG
-			if (!inRelations.ContainsKey(entityID) || inRelations[entityID].Count == 0)
-			{
-				throw new KeyNotFoundException("No in relations to this entity!");
-			}
+		if (!InRelationSets.ContainsKey(Entity) || InRelationSets[Entity].Count == 0)
+		{
+			throw new KeyNotFoundException("No in relations to this entity!");
+		}
 #endif
 
-			return inRelations[entityID][n];
-		}
+		return InRelationSets[Entity][n];
+	}
 
-		public bool HasInRelation(int entityID)
+	public bool HasInRelation(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		return InRelationSets.ContainsKey(Entity) && InRelationSets[Entity].Count > 0;
+	}
+
+	public int InRelationCount(Entity Entity)
+	{
+		return InRelationSets.TryGetValue(Entity, out var entityInRelations) ? entityInRelations.Count : 0;
+	}
+
+	public (bool, bool) Remove(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB)
+	{
+		var aEmpty = false;
+		var bEmpty = false;
+		var relation = (entityA, entityB);
+
+		if (OutRelationSets.TryGetValue(entityA, out var entityOutRelations))
 		{
-			return inRelations.ContainsKey(entityID) && inRelations[entityID].Count > 0;
-		}
-
-		public int InRelationCount(int entityID)
-		{
-			return inRelations.TryGetValue(entityID, out var entityInRelations) ? entityInRelations.Count : 0;
-		}
-
-		public (bool, bool) Remove(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB)
-		{
-			var aEmpty = false;
-			var bEmpty = false;
-			var relation = (entityA, entityB);
-
-			if (outRelations.TryGetValue(entityA.ID, out var entityOutRelations))
+			entityOutRelations.Remove(entityB);
+			if (OutRelationSets[entityA].Count == 0)
 			{
-				entityOutRelations.Remove(entityB.ID);
-				if (outRelations[entityA.ID].Count == 0)
-				{
-					aEmpty = true;
-				}
+				aEmpty = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (InRelationSets.TryGetValue(entityB, out var entityInRelations))
+		{
+			entityInRelations.Remove(entityA);
+			if (InRelationSets[entityB].Count == 0)
+			{
+				bEmpty = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (Indices.TryGetValue(relation, out var index))
+		{
+			var lastElementIndex = Relations.Count - 1;
+
+			// move an element into the hole
+			if (index != lastElementIndex)
+			{
+				var lastRelation = Relations.Get<(Entity, Entity)>(lastElementIndex);
+				Indices[lastRelation] = index;
 			}
 
-			if (inRelations.TryGetValue(entityB.ID, out var entityInRelations))
+			RelationDatas.Delete(index);
+			Relations.Delete(index);
+
+			Indices.Remove(relation);
+		}
+
+		return (aEmpty, bEmpty);
+	}
+
+	public void RemoveEntity(in Entity entity)
+	{
+		if (OutRelationSets.TryGetValue(entity, out var entityOutRelations))
+		{
+			foreach (var entityB in entityOutRelations)
 			{
-				entityInRelations.Remove(entityA.ID);
-				if (inRelations[entityB.ID].Count == 0)
-				{
-					bEmpty = true;
-				}
+				Remove(entity, entityB);
 			}
 
-			if (indices.TryGetValue(relation, out var index))
-			{
-				var lastElementIndex = count - 1;
+			ReturnHashSetToPool(entityOutRelations);
+			OutRelationSets.Remove(entity);
+		}
 
-				// move an element into the hole
-				if (index != lastElementIndex)
+		if (InRelationSets.TryGetValue(entity, out var entityInRelations))
+		{
+			foreach (var entityA in entityInRelations)
+			{
+				Remove(entityA, entity);
+			}
+
+			ReturnHashSetToPool(entityInRelations);
+			InRelationSets.Remove(entity);
+		}
+	}
+
+	internal IndexableSet<Entity> AcquireHashSetFromPool()
+	{
+		if (ListPool.Count == 0)
+		{
+			ListPool.Push(new IndexableSet<Entity>());
+		}
+
+		return ListPool.Pop();
+	}
+
+	private void ReturnHashSetToPool(IndexableSet<Entity> hashSet)
+	{
+		hashSet.Clear();
+		ListPool.Push(hashSet);
+	}
+
+	public void Clear()
+	{
+		Indices.Clear();
+
+		foreach (var set in InRelationSets.Values)
+		{
+			ReturnHashSetToPool(set);
+		}
+		InRelationSets.Clear();
+
+		foreach (var set in OutRelationSets.Values)
+		{
+			ReturnHashSetToPool(set);
+		}
+		OutRelationSets.Clear();
+
+		Relations.Clear();
+		RelationDatas.Clear();
+	}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			Clear();
+
+			if (disposing)
+			{
+				foreach (var set in ListPool)
 				{
-					var lastRelation = relations[lastElementIndex];
-					indices[lastRelation] = index;
-					relationDatas[index] = relationDatas[lastElementIndex];
-					relations[index] = lastRelation;
+					set.Dispose();
 				}
 
-				count -= 1;
-				indices.Remove(relation);
+				Relations.Dispose();
+				RelationDatas.Dispose();
 			}
 
-			return (aEmpty, bEmpty);
+			IsDisposed = true;
 		}
+	}
 
-		private IndexableSet<Entity> AcquireHashSetFromPool()
-		{
-			if (listPool.Count == 0)
-			{
-				listPool.Push(new IndexableSet<Entity>());
-			}
+	// ~RelationStorage()
+	// {
+	// 	// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+	// 	Dispose(disposing: false);
+	// }
 
-			return listPool.Pop();
-		}
-
-		private void ReturnHashSetToPool(IndexableSet<Entity> hashSet)
-		{
-			hashSet.Clear();
-			listPool.Push(hashSet);
-		}
-
-		// untyped methods used for internal implementation
-
-		public override unsafe void Set(int entityA, int entityB, void* relationData)
-		{
-			Set(entityA, entityB, *(TRelation*) relationData);
-		}
-
-		public override int GetStorageIndex(int entityA, int entityB)
-		{
-			return indices[(entityA, entityB)];
-		}
-
-		public override unsafe void* Get(int relationStorageIndex)
-		{
-			return &relationDatas[relationStorageIndex];
-		}
-
-		public override void UnrelateAll(int entityID)
-		{
-			if (outRelations.TryGetValue(entityID, out var entityOutRelations))
-			{
-				foreach (var entityB in entityOutRelations)
-				{
-					Remove(entityID, entityB);
-				}
-
-				ReturnHashSetToPool(entityOutRelations);
-				outRelations.Remove(entityID);
-			}
-
-			if (inRelations.TryGetValue(entityID, out var entityInRelations))
-			{
-				foreach (var entityA in entityInRelations)
-				{
-					Remove(entityA, entityID);
-				}
-
-				ReturnHashSetToPool(entityInRelations);
-				inRelations.Remove(entityID);
-			}
-		}
-
-		public override RelationStorage<TRelation> CreateStorage()
-		{
-			return new RelationStorage<TRelation>();
-		}
-
-		public override void Clear()
-		{
-			count = 0;
-			indices.Clear();
-
-			foreach (var set in inRelations.Values)
-			{
-				ReturnHashSetToPool(set);
-			}
-			inRelations.Clear();
-
-			foreach (var set in outRelations.Values)
-			{
-				ReturnHashSetToPool(set);
-			}
-			outRelations.Clear();
-		}
-
-		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
-		{
-			if (!disposed)
-			{
-				Clear();
-
-				if (disposing)
-				{
-					foreach (var set in listPool)
-					{
-						set.Dispose();
-					}
-				}
-
-				NativeMemory.Free(relations);
-				NativeMemory.Free(relationDatas);
-				relations = null;
-				relationDatas = null;
-
-				disposed = true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		~RelationStorage()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: false);
-		}
-
-		public void Dispose()
-		{
-			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
-			Dispose(disposing: true);
-			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
-		}
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/Renderer.cs b/src/Renderer.cs
index f6118c2..4bccf51 100644
--- a/src/Renderer.cs
+++ b/src/Renderer.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public abstract class Renderer : EntityComponentReader
 {
-	public abstract class Renderer : EntityComponentReader
-	{
-		public Renderer(World world) : base(world) { }
-	}
+	public Renderer(World world) : base(world) { }
 }
diff --git a/src/Snapshot.cs b/src/Snapshot.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0421406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Snapshot.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
+
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+// TODO: we should implement a NativeDictionary that can be memcopied
+public class Snapshot : IDisposable
+{
+	private Dictionary<TypeId, ComponentSnapshot> ComponentSnapshots = new Dictionary<TypeId, ComponentSnapshot>();
+
+	private Dictionary<FilterSignature, List<Entity>> Filters = new Dictionary<FilterSignature, List<Entity>>();
+
+	private Dictionary<TypeId, RelationSnapshot> RelationSnapshots =
+		new Dictionary<TypeId, RelationSnapshot>();
+
+	private Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>> EntityRelationIndex =
+		new Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>>();
+
+	private Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>> EntityComponentIndex =
+		new Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>>();
+
+	private Dictionary<Entity, string> EntityTags = new Dictionary<Entity, string>();
+
+	private IdAssigner EntityIdAssigner = new IdAssigner();
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	public void Restore(World world)
+	{
+		// restore id assigner state
+		EntityIdAssigner.CopyTo(world.EntityIdAssigner);
+
+		// restore filter states
+		// this could be sped up if we figured out a direct IndexableSet copy
+		foreach (var (signature, entityList) in Filters)
+		{
+			var filter = world.FilterIndex[signature];
+
+			filter.Clear();
+
+			foreach (var entity in entityList)
+			{
+				filter.AddEntity(entity);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// clear all component storages in case any were created after snapshot
+		// FIXME: this can be eliminated via component discovery
+		foreach (var (typeId, componentStorage) in world.ComponentIndex)
+		{
+			componentStorage.Clear();
+		}
+
+		// clear all relation storages in case any were created after snapshot
+		// FIXME: this can be eliminated via component discovery
+		foreach (var (typeId, relationStorage) in world.RelationIndex)
+		{
+			relationStorage.Clear();
+		}
+
+		// restore components
+		foreach (var (typeId, componentSnapshot) in ComponentSnapshots)
+		{
+			var componentStorage = world.ComponentIndex[typeId];
+			componentSnapshot.Restore(componentStorage);
+		}
+
+		// restore relation state
+		foreach (var (typeId, relationSnapshot) in RelationSnapshots)
+		{
+			var relationStorage = world.RelationIndex[typeId];
+			relationSnapshot.Restore(relationStorage);
+		}
+
+		// restore entity relation index state
+		// FIXME: arghhhh this is so slow
+
+		foreach (var (id, relationTypeSet) in world.EntityRelationIndex)
+		{
+			relationTypeSet.Clear();
+		}
+
+		foreach (var (id, relationTypeSet) in EntityRelationIndex)
+		{
+			foreach (var typeId in relationTypeSet)
+			{
+				world.EntityRelationIndex[id].Add(typeId);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// restore entity component index state
+		// FIXME: arrghghhh this is so slow
+
+		foreach (var (id, componentTypeSet) in world.EntityComponentIndex)
+		{
+			componentTypeSet.Clear();
+		}
+
+		foreach (var (id, componentTypeSet) in EntityComponentIndex)
+		{
+			foreach (var typeId in componentTypeSet)
+			{
+				world.EntityComponentIndex[id].Add(typeId);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// restore entity tags
+		foreach (var (id, s) in EntityTags)
+		{
+			world.EntityTags[id] = s;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void Take(World world)
+	{
+		// copy id assigner state
+		world.EntityIdAssigner.CopyTo(EntityIdAssigner);
+
+		// copy filter states
+		foreach (var (_, filter) in world.FilterIndex)
+		{
+			TakeFilterSnapshot(filter);
+		}
+
+		// copy components
+		foreach (var (typeId, componentStorage) in world.ComponentIndex)
+		{
+			TakeComponentSnapshot(typeId, componentStorage);
+		}
+
+		// copy relations
+		foreach (var (typeId, relationStorage) in world.RelationIndex)
+		{
+			TakeRelationSnapshot(typeId, relationStorage);
+		}
+
+		// copy entity relation index
+		// FIXME: arghhhh this is so slow
+		foreach (var (id, relationTypeSet) in world.EntityRelationIndex)
+		{
+			if (!EntityRelationIndex.ContainsKey(id))
+			{
+				EntityRelationIndex.Add(id, new IndexableSet<TypeId>());
+			}
+
+			EntityRelationIndex[id].Clear();
+
+			foreach (var typeId in relationTypeSet)
+			{
+				EntityRelationIndex[id].Add(typeId);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// copy entity component index
+		// FIXME: arghhhh this is so slow
+		foreach (var (id, componentTypeSet) in world.EntityComponentIndex)
+		{
+			if (!EntityComponentIndex.ContainsKey(id))
+			{
+				EntityComponentIndex.Add(id, new IndexableSet<TypeId>());
+			}
+
+			EntityComponentIndex[id].Clear();
+
+			foreach (var typeId in componentTypeSet)
+			{
+				EntityComponentIndex[id].Add(typeId);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// copy entity tags
+		foreach (var (id, s) in world.EntityTags)
+		{
+			EntityTags[id] = s;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void TakeFilterSnapshot(Filter filter)
+	{
+		if (!Filters.TryGetValue(filter.Signature, out var entities))
+		{
+			entities = new List<Entity>();
+			Filters.Add(filter.Signature, entities);
+		}
+
+		entities.Clear();
+
+		foreach (var entity in filter.EntitySet.AsSpan())
+		{
+			entities.Add(entity);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void TakeComponentSnapshot(TypeId typeId, ComponentStorage componentStorage)
+	{
+		if (!ComponentSnapshots.TryGetValue(typeId, out var componentSnapshot))
+		{
+			componentSnapshot = new ComponentSnapshot(componentStorage.Components.ElementSize);
+			ComponentSnapshots.Add(typeId, componentSnapshot);
+		}
+
+		componentSnapshot.Take(componentStorage);
+	}
+
+	private void TakeRelationSnapshot(TypeId typeId, RelationStorage relationStorage)
+	{
+		if (!RelationSnapshots.TryGetValue(typeId, out var snapshot))
+		{
+			snapshot = new RelationSnapshot(relationStorage.RelationDatas.ElementSize);
+			RelationSnapshots.Add(typeId, snapshot);
+		}
+
+		snapshot.Take(relationStorage);
+	}
+
+	private class ComponentSnapshot : IDisposable
+	{
+		private readonly NativeArray Components;
+		private readonly NativeArray<Entity> EntityIDs;
+
+		private bool IsDisposed;
+
+		public ComponentSnapshot(int elementSize)
+		{
+			Components = new NativeArray(elementSize);
+			EntityIDs = new NativeArray<Entity>();
+		}
+
+		public void Take(ComponentStorage componentStorage)
+		{
+			componentStorage.Components.CopyAllTo(Components);
+			componentStorage.EntityIDs.CopyTo(EntityIDs);
+		}
+
+		public void Restore(ComponentStorage componentStorage)
+		{
+			Components.CopyAllTo(componentStorage.Components);
+			EntityIDs.CopyTo(componentStorage.EntityIDs);
+
+			componentStorage.EntityIDToStorageIndex.Clear();
+			for (int i = 0; i < EntityIDs.Count; i += 1)
+			{
+				var entityID = EntityIDs[i];
+				componentStorage.EntityIDToStorageIndex[entityID] = i;
+			}
+		}
+
+		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+		{
+			if (!IsDisposed)
+			{
+				if (disposing)
+				{
+					Components.Dispose();
+					EntityIDs.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				IsDisposed = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+			Dispose(disposing: true);
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class RelationSnapshot : IDisposable
+	{
+		private NativeArray Relations;
+		private NativeArray RelationDatas;
+
+		private bool IsDisposed;
+
+		public RelationSnapshot(int elementSize)
+		{
+			Relations = new NativeArray(Unsafe.SizeOf<(Entity, Entity)>());
+			RelationDatas = new NativeArray(elementSize);
+		}
+
+		public void Take(RelationStorage relationStorage)
+		{
+			relationStorage.Relations.CopyAllTo(Relations);
+			relationStorage.RelationDatas.CopyAllTo(RelationDatas);
+		}
+
+		public void Restore(RelationStorage relationStorage)
+		{
+			relationStorage.Clear();
+
+			Relations.CopyAllTo(relationStorage.Relations);
+			RelationDatas.CopyAllTo(relationStorage.RelationDatas);
+
+			for (int index = 0; index < Relations.Count; index += 1)
+			{
+				var relation = Relations.Get<(Entity, Entity)>(index);
+				relationStorage.Indices[relation] = index;
+
+				relationStorage.Indices[relation] = index;
+
+				if (!relationStorage.OutRelationSets.ContainsKey(relation.Item1))
+				{
+					relationStorage.OutRelationSets[relation.Item1] =
+						relationStorage.AcquireHashSetFromPool();
+				}
+
+				relationStorage.OutRelationSets[relation.Item1].Add(relation.Item2);
+
+				if (!relationStorage.InRelationSets.ContainsKey(relation.Item2))
+				{
+					relationStorage.InRelationSets[relation.Item2] =
+						relationStorage.AcquireHashSetFromPool();
+				}
+
+				relationStorage.InRelationSets[relation.Item2].Add(relation.Item1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+		{
+			if (!IsDisposed)
+			{
+				if (disposing)
+				{
+					Relations.Dispose();
+					RelationDatas.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				IsDisposed = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+			Dispose(disposing: true);
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			if (disposing)
+			{
+				foreach (var componentSnapshot in ComponentSnapshots.Values)
+				{
+					componentSnapshot.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var relationSnapshot in RelationSnapshots.Values)
+				{
+					relationSnapshot.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var componentSet in EntityComponentIndex.Values)
+				{
+					componentSet.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var relationSet in EntityRelationIndex.Values)
+				{
+					relationSet.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				EntityIdAssigner.Dispose();
+			}
+
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/System.cs b/src/System.cs
index 5cc10c8..1d50116 100644
--- a/src/System.cs
+++ b/src/System.cs
@@ -1,47 +1,15 @@
 using System;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public abstract class System : Manipulator
 {
-	public abstract class System : Manipulator
-	{
-		internal MessageDepot MessageDepot => World.MessageDepot;
+	protected System(World world) : base(world) { }
 
-		public System(World world) : base(world) { }
+	public abstract void Update();
 
-		public abstract void Update(TimeSpan delta);
-
-		protected ReadOnlySpan<TMessage> ReadMessages<TMessage>() where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return MessageDepot.All<TMessage>();
-		}
-
-		protected TMessage ReadMessage<TMessage>() where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return MessageDepot.First<TMessage>();
-		}
-
-		protected bool SomeMessage<TMessage>() where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return MessageDepot.Some<TMessage>();
-		}
-
-		protected ReverseSpanEnumerator<TMessage> ReadMessagesWithEntity<TMessage>(in Entity entity) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return MessageDepot.WithEntity<TMessage>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected ref readonly TMessage ReadMessageWithEntity<TMessage>(in Entity entity) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return ref MessageDepot.FirstWithEntity<TMessage>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected bool SomeMessageWithEntity<TMessage>(in Entity entity) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			return MessageDepot.SomeWithEntity<TMessage>(entity.ID);
-		}
-
-		protected void Send<TMessage>(in TMessage message) where TMessage : unmanaged => World.Send(message);
-
-		protected void Send<TMessage>(in Entity entity, in TMessage message) where TMessage : unmanaged => World.Send(entity, message);
-	}
+	protected ReadOnlySpan<T> ReadMessages<T>() where T : unmanaged => World.ReadMessages<T>();
+	protected T ReadMessage<T>() where T : unmanaged => World.ReadMessage<T>();
+	protected bool SomeMessage<T>() where T : unmanaged => World.SomeMessage<T>();
+	protected void Send<T>(T message) where T : unmanaged => World.Send(message);
 }
diff --git a/src/TypeId.cs b/src/TypeId.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62bc5d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TypeId.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public readonly record struct TypeId(uint Value) : IComparable<TypeId>
+{
+	public int CompareTo(TypeId other)
+	{
+		return Value.CompareTo(other.Value);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/TypeIndices.cs b/src/TypeIndices.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f43850..0000000
--- a/src/TypeIndices.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
-{
-	public class TypeIndices
-	{
-		Dictionary<Type, int> TypeToIndex = new Dictionary<Type, int>();
-		int nextID = 0;
-		public int Count => TypeToIndex.Count;
-
-		public int GetIndex<T>() where T : unmanaged
-		{
-			if (!TypeToIndex.ContainsKey(typeof(T)))
-			{
-				TypeToIndex.Add(typeof(T), nextID);
-				nextID += 1;
-			}
-
-			return TypeToIndex[typeof(T)];
-		}
-
-		public int GetIndex(Type type)
-		{
-			return TypeToIndex[type];
-		}
-
-
-#if DEBUG
-		public Dictionary<Type, int>.KeyCollection Types => TypeToIndex.Keys;
-#endif
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/World.cs b/src/World.cs
index 9c14ad4..70aad7d 100644
--- a/src/World.cs
+++ b/src/World.cs
@@ -1,194 +1,520 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using MoonTools.ECS.Collections;
 
-namespace MoonTools.ECS
+namespace MoonTools.ECS;
+
+public class World : IDisposable
 {
-	public class World
-	{
-		internal readonly static TypeIndices ComponentTypeIndices = new TypeIndices();
-		internal readonly static TypeIndices RelationTypeIndices = new TypeIndices();
-		internal readonly EntityStorage EntityStorage = new EntityStorage();
-		internal readonly ComponentDepot ComponentDepot;
-		internal readonly MessageDepot MessageDepot = new MessageDepot();
-		internal readonly RelationDepot RelationDepot;
-		internal readonly FilterStorage FilterStorage;
-		public FilterBuilder FilterBuilder => new FilterBuilder(FilterStorage, ComponentTypeIndices);
+	// Get TypeId from a Type
+	private readonly Dictionary<Type, TypeId> TypeToId = new Dictionary<Type, TypeId>();
 
-		public World()
-		{
-			ComponentDepot = new ComponentDepot(ComponentTypeIndices);
-			RelationDepot = new RelationDepot(EntityStorage, RelationTypeIndices);
-			FilterStorage = new FilterStorage(EntityStorage, ComponentTypeIndices);
-		}
-
-		public Entity CreateEntity(string tag = "")
-		{
-			return EntityStorage.Create(tag);
-		}
-
-		public void Tag(Entity entity, string tag)
-		{
-			EntityStorage.Tag(entity, tag);
-		}
-
-		public string GetTag(Entity entity)
-		{
-			return EntityStorage.Tag(entity);
-		}
-
-		public void Set<TComponent>(Entity entity, in TComponent component) where TComponent : unmanaged
-		{
 #if DEBUG
-			// check for use after destroy
-			if (!EntityStorage.Exists(entity))
-			{
-				throw new InvalidOperationException("This entity is not valid!");
-			}
+	private Dictionary<TypeId, Type> IdToType = new Dictionary<TypeId, Type>();
 #endif
-			ComponentDepot.Set<TComponent>(entity.ID, component);
 
-			if (EntityStorage.SetComponent(entity.ID, ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex<TComponent>()))
+	// Get element size from a TypeId
+	private readonly Dictionary<TypeId, int> ElementSizes = new Dictionary<TypeId, int>();
+
+	// Filters
+	internal readonly Dictionary<FilterSignature, Filter> FilterIndex = new Dictionary<FilterSignature, Filter>();
+	private readonly Dictionary<TypeId, List<Filter>> TypeToFilter = new Dictionary<TypeId, List<Filter>>();
+
+	// TODO: can we make the tag an native array of chars at some point?
+	internal Dictionary<Entity, string> EntityTags = new Dictionary<Entity, string>();
+
+	// Relation Storages
+	internal Dictionary<TypeId, RelationStorage> RelationIndex = new Dictionary<TypeId, RelationStorage>();
+	internal Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>> EntityRelationIndex = new Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>>();
+
+	// Message Storages
+	private Dictionary<TypeId, MessageStorage> MessageIndex = new Dictionary<TypeId, MessageStorage>();
+
+	public FilterBuilder FilterBuilder => new FilterBuilder(this);
+
+	internal readonly Dictionary<TypeId, ComponentStorage> ComponentIndex = new Dictionary<TypeId, ComponentStorage>();
+	internal Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>> EntityComponentIndex = new Dictionary<Entity, IndexableSet<TypeId>>();
+
+	internal IdAssigner EntityIdAssigner = new IdAssigner();
+	private IdAssigner TypeIdAssigner = new IdAssigner();
+
+	private bool IsDisposed;
+
+	internal TypeId GetTypeId<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		if (TypeToId.ContainsKey(typeof(T)))
+		{
+			return TypeToId[typeof(T)];
+		}
+
+		var typeId = new TypeId(TypeIdAssigner.Assign());
+		TypeToId.Add(typeof(T), typeId);
+		ElementSizes.Add(typeId, Unsafe.SizeOf<T>());
+
+#if DEBUG
+		IdToType.Add(typeId, typeof(T));
+#endif
+
+		return typeId;
+	}
+
+	internal TypeId GetComponentTypeId<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetTypeId<T>();
+		if (ComponentIndex.TryGetValue(typeId, out var componentStorage))
+		{
+			return typeId;
+		}
+
+		componentStorage = new ComponentStorage(typeId, ElementSizes[typeId]);
+		ComponentIndex.Add(typeId, componentStorage);
+		TypeToFilter.Add(typeId, new List<Filter>());
+		return typeId;
+	}
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	private ComponentStorage GetComponentStorage<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetTypeId<T>();
+		if (ComponentIndex.TryGetValue(typeId, out var componentStorage))
+		{
+			return componentStorage;
+		}
+
+		componentStorage = new ComponentStorage(typeId, ElementSizes[typeId]);
+		ComponentIndex.Add(typeId, componentStorage);
+		TypeToFilter.Add(typeId, new List<Filter>());
+		return componentStorage;
+	}
+
+	// FILTERS
+
+	internal Filter GetFilter(FilterSignature signature)
+	{
+		if (!FilterIndex.TryGetValue(signature, out var filter))
+		{
+			filter = new Filter(this, signature);
+
+			foreach (var typeId in signature.Included)
 			{
-				FilterStorage.Check<TComponent>(entity.ID);
+				TypeToFilter[typeId].Add(filter);
+			}
+
+			foreach (var typeId in signature.Excluded)
+			{
+				TypeToFilter[typeId].Add(filter);
+			}
+
+			FilterIndex.Add(signature, filter);
+		}
+
+		return filter;
+	}
+
+	// ENTITIES
+
+	public Entity CreateEntity(string tag = "")
+	{
+		var entity = new Entity(EntityIdAssigner.Assign());
+
+		if (!EntityComponentIndex.ContainsKey(entity))
+		{
+			EntityRelationIndex.Add(entity, new IndexableSet<TypeId>());
+			EntityComponentIndex.Add(entity, new IndexableSet<TypeId>());
+		}
+
+		EntityTags[entity] = tag;
+
+		return entity;
+	}
+
+	public void Tag(Entity entity, string tag)
+	{
+		EntityTags[entity] = tag;
+	}
+
+	public string GetTag(Entity entity)
+	{
+		return EntityTags[entity];
+	}
+
+	public void Destroy(in Entity entity)
+	{
+		// remove all components from storages
+		foreach (var componentTypeIndex in EntityComponentIndex[entity])
+		{
+			var componentStorage = ComponentIndex[componentTypeIndex];
+			componentStorage.Remove(entity);
+
+			foreach (var filter in TypeToFilter[componentTypeIndex])
+			{
+				filter.RemoveEntity(entity);
 			}
 		}
 
-		// untyped version for Transfer
-		// no filter check because filter state is copied directly
-		internal unsafe void Set(Entity entity, int componentTypeIndex, void* component)
+		// remove all relations from storage
+		foreach (var relationTypeIndex in EntityRelationIndex[entity])
 		{
-			ComponentDepot.Set(entity.ID, componentTypeIndex, component);
-			EntityStorage.SetComponent(entity.ID, componentTypeIndex);
+			var relationStorage = RelationIndex[relationTypeIndex];
+			relationStorage.RemoveEntity(entity);
 		}
 
-		public void Remove<TComponent>(in Entity entity) where TComponent : unmanaged
+		EntityComponentIndex[entity].Clear();
+		EntityRelationIndex[entity].Clear();
+
+		// recycle ID
+		EntityIdAssigner.Unassign(entity.ID);
+	}
+
+	// COMPONENTS
+
+	public bool Has<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var storage = GetComponentStorage<T>();
+		return storage.Has(entity);
+	}
+
+	internal bool Has(in Entity entity, in TypeId typeId)
+	{
+		return EntityComponentIndex[entity].Contains(typeId);
+	}
+
+	public bool Some<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var storage = GetComponentStorage<T>();
+		return storage.Any();
+	}
+
+	public ref T Get<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var storage = GetComponentStorage<T>();
+		return ref storage.Get<T>(entity);
+	}
+
+	public ref T GetSingleton<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var storage = GetComponentStorage<T>();
+		return ref storage.GetFirst<T>();
+	}
+
+	public Entity GetSingletonEntity<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var storage = GetComponentStorage<T>();
+		return storage.FirstEntity();
+	}
+
+	public void Set<T>(in Entity entity, in T component) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var componentStorage = GetComponentStorage<T>();
+
+		if (!componentStorage.Set(entity, component))
 		{
-			if (EntityStorage.RemoveComponent(entity.ID, ComponentTypeIndices.GetIndex<TComponent>()))
+			EntityComponentIndex[entity].Add(componentStorage.TypeId);
+
+			foreach (var filter in TypeToFilter[componentStorage.TypeId])
 			{
-				// Run filter storage update first so that the entity state is still valid in the remove callback.
-				FilterStorage.Check<TComponent>(entity.ID);
-				ComponentDepot.Remove<TComponent>(entity.ID);
+				filter.Check(entity);
 			}
 		}
-
-		public void Relate<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB, TRelationKind relationData) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			RelationDepot.Set(entityA, entityB, relationData);
-			var relationTypeIndex = RelationTypeIndices.GetIndex<TRelationKind>();
-			EntityStorage.AddRelationKind(entityA.ID, relationTypeIndex);
-			EntityStorage.AddRelationKind(entityB.ID, relationTypeIndex);
-		}
-
-		public void Unrelate<TRelationKind>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			var (aEmpty, bEmpty) = RelationDepot.Remove<TRelationKind>(entityA, entityB);
-
-			if (aEmpty)
-			{
-				EntityStorage.RemoveRelation(entityA.ID, RelationTypeIndices.GetIndex<TRelationKind>());
-			}
-
-			if (bEmpty)
-			{
-				EntityStorage.RemoveRelation(entityB.ID, RelationTypeIndices.GetIndex<TRelationKind>());
-			}
-		}
-
-		public void UnrelateAll<TRelationKind>(in Entity entity) where TRelationKind : unmanaged
-		{
-			RelationDepot.UnrelateAll<TRelationKind>(entity.ID);
-			EntityStorage.RemoveRelation(entity.ID, RelationTypeIndices.GetIndex<TRelationKind>());
-		}
-
-		public void Send<TMessage>(in TMessage message) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			MessageDepot.Add(message);
-		}
-
-		public void Send<TMessage>(in Entity entity, in TMessage message) where TMessage : unmanaged
-		{
-			MessageDepot.Add(entity.ID, message);
-		}
-
-		public void Destroy(in Entity entity)
-		{
-			foreach (var componentTypeIndex in EntityStorage.ComponentTypeIndices(entity.ID))
-			{
-				// Run filter storage update first so that the entity state is still valid in the remove callback.
-				FilterStorage.RemoveEntity(entity.ID, componentTypeIndex);
-				ComponentDepot.Remove(entity.ID, componentTypeIndex);
-			}
-
-			foreach (var relationTypeIndex in EntityStorage.RelationTypeIndices(entity.ID))
-			{
-				RelationDepot.UnrelateAll(entity.ID, relationTypeIndex);
-				EntityStorage.RemoveRelation(entity.ID, relationTypeIndex);
-			}
-
-			EntityStorage.Destroy(entity);
-		}
-
-
-		public void FinishUpdate()
-		{
-			MessageDepot.Clear();
-		}
-
-		public void Clear()
-		{
-			EntityStorage.Clear();
-			MessageDepot.Clear();
-			RelationDepot.Clear();
-			ComponentDepot.Clear();
-			FilterStorage.Clear();
-		}
-
-		private Dictionary<int, int> WorldToTransferID = new Dictionary<int, int>();
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// If you are using the World Transfer feature, call this once after your systems/filters have all been initialized.
-		/// </summary>
-		public void PrepareTransferTo(World other)
-		{
-			other.FilterStorage.CreateMissingStorages(FilterStorage);
-		}
-
-		// FIXME: there's probably a better way to handle Filters so they are not world-bound
-		public unsafe void Transfer(World other, Filter filter, Filter otherFilter)
-		{
-			WorldToTransferID.Clear();
-			other.ComponentDepot.CreateMissingStorages(ComponentDepot);
-			other.RelationDepot.CreateMissingStorages(RelationDepot);
-
-			// destroy all entities matching the filter
-			foreach (var entity in otherFilter.Entities)
-			{
-				other.Destroy(entity);
-			}
-
-			// create entities
-			foreach (var entity in filter.Entities)
-			{
-				var otherWorldEntity = other.CreateEntity(GetTag(entity));
-				WorldToTransferID.Add(entity.ID, otherWorldEntity.ID);
-			}
-
-			// transfer relations
-			RelationDepot.TransferStorage(WorldToTransferID, other.RelationDepot);
-
-			// set components
-			foreach (var entity in filter.Entities)
-			{
-				var otherWorldEntity = WorldToTransferID[entity.ID];
-
-				foreach (var componentTypeIndex in EntityStorage.ComponentTypeIndices(entity.ID))
-				{
-					other.Set(otherWorldEntity, componentTypeIndex, ComponentDepot.UntypedGet(entity.ID, componentTypeIndex));
-				}
-			}
-
-			// transfer filters last so callbacks trigger correctly
-			FilterStorage.TransferStorage(WorldToTransferID, other.FilterStorage);
-		}
+	}
+
+	public void Remove<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var componentStorage = GetComponentStorage<T>();
+
+		if (componentStorage.Remove(entity))
+		{
+			EntityComponentIndex[entity].Remove(componentStorage.TypeId);
+
+			foreach (var filter in TypeToFilter[componentStorage.TypeId])
+			{
+				filter.Check(entity);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// RELATIONS
+
+	private RelationStorage RegisterRelationType(TypeId typeId)
+	{
+		var relationStorage = new RelationStorage(ElementSizes[typeId]);
+		RelationIndex.Add(typeId, relationStorage);
+		return relationStorage;
+	}
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	private RelationStorage GetRelationStorage<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetTypeId<T>();
+		if (RelationIndex.TryGetValue(typeId, out var relationStorage))
+		{
+			return relationStorage;
+		}
+
+		return RegisterRelationType(typeId);
+	}
+
+	public void Relate<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB, in T relation) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		relationStorage.Set(entityA, entityB, relation);
+		EntityRelationIndex[entityA].Add(TypeToId[typeof(T)]);
+		EntityRelationIndex[entityB].Add(TypeToId[typeof(T)]);
+	}
+
+	public void Unrelate<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		relationStorage.Remove(entityA, entityB);
+	}
+
+	public void UnrelateAll<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		relationStorage.RemoveEntity(entity);
+	}
+
+	public bool Related<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.Has(entityA, entityB);
+	}
+
+	public T GetRelationData<T>(in Entity entityA, in Entity entityB) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.Get<T>(entityA, entityB);
+	}
+
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<(Entity, Entity)> Relations<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.All();
+	}
+
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> OutRelations<T>(Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.OutRelations(entity);
+	}
+
+	public Entity OutRelationSingleton<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.OutFirst(entity);
+	}
+
+	public bool HasOutRelation<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.HasOutRelation(entity);
+	}
+
+	public int OutRelationCount<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.OutRelationCount(entity);
+	}
+
+	public Entity NthOutRelation<T>(in Entity entity, int n) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.OutNth(entity, n);
+	}
+
+	public ReverseSpanEnumerator<Entity> InRelations<T>(Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.InRelations(entity);
+	}
+
+	public Entity InRelationSingleton<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.InFirst(entity);
+	}
+
+	public bool HasInRelation<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.HasInRelation(entity);
+	}
+
+	public int InRelationCount<T>(in Entity entity) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.InRelationCount(entity);
+	}
+
+	public Entity NthInRelation<T>(in Entity entity, int n) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var relationStorage = GetRelationStorage<T>();
+		return relationStorage.InNth(entity, n);
+	}
+
+	// MESSAGES
+
+	private TypeId GetMessageTypeId<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetTypeId<T>();
+
+		if (!MessageIndex.ContainsKey(typeId))
+		{
+			MessageIndex.Add(typeId, new MessageStorage(Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()));
+		}
+
+		return typeId;
+	}
+
+	public void Send<T>(in T message) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetMessageTypeId<T>();
+		MessageIndex[typeId].Add(message);
+	}
+
+	public bool SomeMessage<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetMessageTypeId<T>();
+		return MessageIndex[typeId].Some();
+	}
+
+	public ReadOnlySpan<T> ReadMessages<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetMessageTypeId<T>();
+		return MessageIndex[typeId].All<T>();
+	}
+
+	public T ReadMessage<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetMessageTypeId<T>();
+		return MessageIndex[typeId].First<T>();
+	}
+
+	public void ClearMessages<T>() where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		var typeId = GetMessageTypeId<T>();
+		MessageIndex[typeId].Clear();
+	}
+
+	// TODO: temporary component storage?
+	public void FinishUpdate()
+	{
+		foreach (var (_, messageStorage) in MessageIndex)
+		{
+			messageStorage.Clear();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// DEBUG
+	// NOTE: these methods are very inefficient
+	// they should only be used in debugging contexts!!
+#if DEBUG
+	public ComponentTypeEnumerator Debug_GetAllComponentTypes(Entity entity)
+	{
+		return new ComponentTypeEnumerator(this, EntityComponentIndex[entity]);
+	}
+
+	public IEnumerable<Entity> Debug_GetEntities(Type componentType)
+	{
+		var storage = ComponentIndex[TypeToId[componentType]];
+		return storage.Debug_GetEntities();
+	}
+
+	public IEnumerable<Type> Debug_SearchComponentType(string typeString)
+	{
+		foreach (var type in TypeToId.Keys)
+		{
+			if (type.ToString().ToLower().Contains(typeString.ToLower()))
+			{
+				yield return type;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public ref struct ComponentTypeEnumerator
+	{
+		private World World;
+		private IndexableSet<TypeId> Types;
+		private int ComponentIndex;
+
+		public ComponentTypeEnumerator GetEnumerator() => this;
+
+		internal ComponentTypeEnumerator(
+			World world,
+			IndexableSet<TypeId> types
+		)
+		{
+			World = world;
+			Types = types;
+			ComponentIndex = -1;
+		}
+
+		public bool MoveNext()
+		{
+			ComponentIndex += 1;
+			return ComponentIndex < Types.Count;
+		}
+
+		public Type Current => World.IdToType[Types[ComponentIndex]];
+	}
+#endif
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			if (disposing)
+			{
+				foreach (var componentStorage in ComponentIndex.Values)
+				{
+					componentStorage.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var relationStorage in RelationIndex.Values)
+				{
+					relationStorage.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var messageStorage in MessageIndex.Values)
+				{
+					messageStorage.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var typeSet in EntityComponentIndex.Values)
+				{
+					typeSet.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var typeSet in EntityRelationIndex.Values)
+				{
+					typeSet.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				foreach (var filter in FilterIndex.Values)
+				{
+					filter.Dispose();
+				}
+
+				EntityIdAssigner.Dispose();
+				TypeIdAssigner.Dispose();
+			}
+
+			IsDisposed = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// // TODO: override finalizer only if 'Dispose(bool disposing)' has code to free unmanaged resources
+	// ~World()
+	// {
+	//     // Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+	//     Dispose(disposing: false);
+	// }
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+		// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+		Dispose(disposing: true);
+		GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
 	}
 }